tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35233085458747081302024-03-12T17:55:27.503-07:00Imaging LightlySapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.comBlogger34125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-632621539922959072013-07-15T15:13:00.000-07:002013-09-03T15:14:27.500-07:00Imaging Congress - final summary<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Hey everybody.. the last installment of my Imaging Congress talk summaries.. Other than the last few posts there were a lot of interesting talks, several in the areas of
lightfields/plenoptic systems, 3D capture and display and structured light. I can't write about everything, but here's a shot!</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsABf5A6f5DxpQgjB9f4K7VLTw6BzYvc0RL4KCCR3_Gc3vvKfyWrKDxv2XdV-brkE-mXgH1Twrh4Fy7p9fx1o_5LJcabURSfZDadayXrFLTkwQ38djw9rriGioJgU5eZ9jod2iMlMwKdw/s1600/NatMall2013.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="113" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsABf5A6f5DxpQgjB9f4K7VLTw6BzYvc0RL4KCCR3_Gc3vvKfyWrKDxv2XdV-brkE-mXgH1Twrh4Fy7p9fx1o_5LJcabURSfZDadayXrFLTkwQ38djw9rriGioJgU5eZ9jod2iMlMwKdw/s400/NatMall2013.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Quick ride in the Metro, the Washington Monument and the US Capitol!</td></tr>
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Chein-Hung Lu from Princeton spoke about light field imaging. They use
two images, one traditional high resolution image and another from a
Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor measurement, to obtain higher resolution
lightfield images. They use an iterative Gerchberg-Saxton-like algorithm that
upsamples the low resolution lightfield, fourier transforms this, applies a
Fourier space constraint from the high resolution traditional image,
inverse-Fourier transforms this and reinforces the real and non-negative
constraints on the resultant lightfield. They showed results on a microscope
with improved resolution.
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Anthony Korth from Harvard discussed using two focal plane images and
using their moments to obtain perspective images and depth maps. </div>
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Basel Salahieh discussed compressive light-field imaging. Instead of
using two masks – one at the pupil plane and one at the image plane, to enable
compression of the lightfield, they used a single random 2D mask in an
intermediate plane and were able to use this joint spatio-angular modulation to
obtain compression of 30x. </div>
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Bahram Javidi from University of Connecticut and Byoungho Lee from
Seoul National University both discussed Integral Imaging and 3D
capture/display in their respective talks. Both were exceptional and exhaustive
reviews, worth separate posts on their own.</div>
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Dan Gray from GE Research spoke about focal shifting 3d capture using
an electro-optics module. They use depth from defocus to increase the focal
volume and 3D resolution and obtain 3D images. Their system has no moving
parts. They take sequential images using an electro-optic module which changes
focus at a modest speed ( < 5 seconds). The optical path length (defocus) is
changed by using a combination of polarization rotating liquid crystals and
birefringent elements like quartz, calcite, etc. Birefringent materials have
two refractive indices (ordinary and extra-ordinary) depending on the
polarization of incident light. One such birefringent plate with a liquid
crystal panel can create two depth planes. N such pairs enable the generation
of 2N focal planes. Dan showed images captured with such a module and generated
a 3D point cloud. </div>
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Achyut Kadambi from MIT spoke about using structured light to image
objects through a scattering medium. His application was for vein biometrics,
where a transmissive or reflective image of your finger or hand may be used to
identify a person. The structure and organization of veins in a person’s body
is pretty constant and therefore, the ability to view and identify the pattern
of veins is more secure than fingerprints which could be faked by topical
application. Products like Accuvein and Hitachi’s IR camera with LED trans-illumination
can be used to view veins in one’s hand or finger. The image produced by using
structured illumination contains direct and global/scattered components. Direct
light component typically contains high spatial frequencies, while the scattered
global components contain lower spatial frequencies which don’t change much for
slight changes of patterns in the illumination. The authors used 4 wavelengths
including an NIR frequency with dictionary learning to view and separate veins
from non-veins in a hand. </div>
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David Stork from Rambus also spoke on this topic with the same
application – vein biometrics. He showed results imaging a wire-mesh through
milky water. He used a checkerboard patterned illumination and found
ring-like/band-like artifacts in the reconstruction. So they used Hadamard coded
illumination patterns which eliminated this artifact. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Boyd Fowler gave a great summary of highlights from IEEE’s Image
Sensors Workshop. This was a nice talk highlighting the design and application
aspects of solid state image sensors at the recent IEEE conference. Pixels are
getting smaller. Back illuminated sensors are starting to get mainstream for
cell phones and related applications. Aptina is doing much work in this,
including work on the optical characteristics of pixels with upcoming 0.9
micron pixels. Aptina is also involved in much multi-aperture imaging sensors
with a 12M pixel sensor that has 16 focal planes on a single die. There was work
on 3D, such as background light suppression for 3D. Organic sensors are being
used in cutting edge applications like indirect X-ray imaging to provide more
flexible and comfortable imagers for applications like dental x-rays. He
discussed some work by Gruev at Washington, St Louis, on polarization and
energy sensitive imaging using nanowires for the polarization aspects and
vertically stacks pixels to get RGB. Quanta image sensors that give more
film-like advantages also seem promising.</div>
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I also snuck in a quick tour of <span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">National Mall area
and saw the amazing buildings in the vicinity. Just about 2 hours including a
metro ride, so no real museum visits. Thanks all for the recommendations! I’ll see
more next time! :)</span> All I can say is.. Visit Washington DC! </div>
</div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-2131369405781372392013-07-11T16:57:00.000-07:002013-08-15T17:08:50.105-07:00Seeing is believing, unless it's AR<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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The vision and desire for wearable
displays has been around since 1965 when Ivan Sutherland suggested the
idea. Many groups across the world have been working on various methods of
executing this vision with large and small devices, which started out looking bulky
and geeky, but are beginning to achieve more and more acceptable weight and size.
Products from Epson’s Moverio BT-100, Vuzix 1200 XLD and new M100, Sony, Lumus,
Digilens from the SBG Labs, Optinvent, and finally Google’s Glass, have all
attracted a lot of attention in recent times. As wearable displays start to get
more and more practical, applications of all sorts appear more feasible.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Rogg3DsHS2do5twP-qlawZRKMWgri28NkmmJclstmiUd4N7pS71RW70A8_mCc2y2DGl4emSUodQ11aOiqbyi8lCWiYmoV22OPtIIRUAEU5h5rCmJA_Wr-uisJgTMCiHrxd-xG1X2gTY/s1600/LensHongHua1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6Rogg3DsHS2do5twP-qlawZRKMWgri28NkmmJclstmiUd4N7pS71RW70A8_mCc2y2DGl4emSUodQ11aOiqbyi8lCWiYmoV22OPtIIRUAEU5h5rCmJA_Wr-uisJgTMCiHrxd-xG1X2gTY/s200/LensHongHua1.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Freeform lens from Hong's Lab</td></tr>
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<a href="http://3dvis.optics.arizona.edu/">Hong Hua from University of Arizona</a> gave an exceptional invited talk on light-weight low cost wearable
displays for augmented reality applications at the <a href="http://www.osa.org/en-us/meetings/optics_and_photonics_congresses/imaging_and_applied_optics/applied_industrial_optics_spectroscopy,_imaging,_m/">Applied Industrial Optics meeting</a>. Hong’s talk was from the perspective
of practical implementation of the optical design for such light-weight wearables. A fundamental limitation in wearables is a problem of fixed etendue, which
forces a tradeoff between field of view and the size of the pupil aperture of
the human eye. Since the aperture is fixed, it is difficult to get a large
field of view. This problem can be overcome by using off-axis optics which conserve
the etendue, such as used by groups like Spitzer <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al.</i> at Micro-Optical Corp, and Rolland, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">et al</i>. Glasses by Epson and Google use reflective waveguides.
Nokia uses Holographic diffractive waveguides. Lumus, Optinvent and Q-sight by
BAE uses pupil expansion techniques. Hua’s team uses a wedge prism with
freeform waveguides. Sensics provides a wide field of view using optical
tiling. A common problem with wearables for AR is a ghosting effect from
computer generated objects overlying real-world objects. Hua suggested handling
it by using a spatial light modulator to modulate the direct-view path,
combining the light from the display via a beamsplitter such as done by
Kiyokawa (2003), Rolland (2004) and Hua (2012). She proposed managing the
vergence-accommodation conflict by using a deformable mirror to change the
plane of virtual focus (presumably with eye tracking). </div>
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Freeform optics design and
manufacturing has been a recent and welcome revolution in optics, enabling many unusual
designs that depart from purely symmetric, spherical or aspheric surfaces. So
Hua’s faith in them does seem very reasonable. There still is some time before
we see glasses that cover our entire field of view, give us a perfect Augmented
Reality experience and exhibit a stylish design, but her results and optimism
portend a bright outlook. </div>
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I haven't written here about Kevin Thomson and <a href="http://www.odalab-spectrum.org/Rochester/Technologies.html">Jannick Rolland</a>'s talks. Parallel sessions! But do check out their websites too.. some of the best work is going on these areas! Jannick just started a <a href="http://www.cefo.rochester.edu/">Center for Freeforms</a> at Rochester! </div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Along similar lines, Ram Narayanswamy from the <a href="http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/research/intel-research.html">Intel User Experience group</a><span style="line-height: 115%;"> spoke about some applications of AR and related technology. He stressed on the importance of combining Optics, Image processing and User
experience to deliver unique value to mass markets. He highlighted the role
multi-aperture cameras, multiple cameras, and the additional sensors and
increased computational abilities of cell phones today in the concept of a
social camera. He showed how 3D visualization and location assisted image
capture can be used, say, in a tourist application on a mobile device to take
pictures in a park and augment your image to appear in the company of a dragon
or something fantastic that says “Happy Chinese New Year!” He outlined some of
the challenges and desirables in the spaces of sensors, optics and modules. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Teams like Narayanswamy's that combine user-need with computer vision, imaging, software and hardware are crucial to delivering technologies like Hua's to the consumers of the future! </span></span></span></div>
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</div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-76866498377488077982013-07-10T16:22:00.000-07:002013-08-15T17:11:21.251-07:00Multi-aperture imaging from Brussels<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Following up on some more multi-aperture systems at the <a href="http://www.osa.org/en-us/meetings/optics_and_photonics_congresses/imaging_and_applied_optics/applied_industrial_optics_spectroscopy,_imaging,_m/">Applied Industrial Optics</a> meeting, <a href="http://www.b-phot.org/Users/B-Phot/Staff/management/Heidi-Ottevaere">HeidiOttevaere</a> and <a href="http://www.b-phot.org/">her team from Brussels</a> discussed multiple such systems that replace wide angle fisheye lenses. Their
multi-channel, multi-resolution system gives less distortion and allows
flexible choices in image resolution and fields of view. They combine two lens arrays in sequence,
with baffles acting like channels in between. </span></span></span></div>
<br />
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<br />
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One of the designs from Heidi's team </div>
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Ref: Gebirie Y. Belay, Youri Meuret, Heidi
Ottevaere,</div>
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Peter Veelaert, and Hugo Thienpont,
"Design of</div>
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a multichannel, multiresolution smart
imaging</div>
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system," Appl. Opt. <b>51</b>,
4810-4817 (2012)</div>
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<![endif]--></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;">She showed two designs, one with
three apertures – one with a large field of view and low resolution, one with a
small field of view and high resolution and one channel with intermediate FOV
and resolution. They used PMMA lenses with four aspheric surfaces in each
channel. The alignment of this system was sensitive. In the second design they
used only two channels eliminating the intermediate channel. They added a
voltage tunable liquid lens in their high resolution subsystem to obtain
refocusing capability and extend the depth of field. </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">I really liked the fact
that most of this work was done at a University, but many of their
collaborators were industry. It's tough to do open collaborations like these.. both for students/professors and the industry. Examples like this team demonstrate learning, innovation and value all at once! </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-23528043970146882162013-06-25T08:53:00.000-07:002013-08-15T17:13:43.740-07:00Many should be better than one..<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Multi-aperture imaging. What is that? Many cameras (lenses/apertures)
that work in some synchronized fashion to give something more than a single camera.. typically wider field of view or more resolution.
Multi-aperture imaging has been noticeably prominent at many places in the
<a href="http://www.osa.org/en-us/meetings/optics_and_photonics_congresses/imaging_and_applied_optics/">Imaging Congress</a> and I’ll probably write a bit about it here.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiehrHLoW-1rO_1FQQzIVpGgXCotRb0bSerWUnAUVtuLodZ3EuPMwLOkAq9WRi1RsZEiMCxxrLbZW3bMHgzTr3h98rDC2vyNDEBNzdd7Ye9H0DbcqchRmuKtHEGXEhvRnl-xOp8o251-fg/s750/750px-James_Webb_Space_Telescope_2009_top.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiehrHLoW-1rO_1FQQzIVpGgXCotRb0bSerWUnAUVtuLodZ3EuPMwLOkAq9WRi1RsZEiMCxxrLbZW3bMHgzTr3h98rDC2vyNDEBNzdd7Ye9H0DbcqchRmuKtHEGXEhvRnl-xOp8o251-fg/s320/750px-James_Webb_Space_Telescope_2009_top.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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The James Webb Space Telescope has many foldable </div>
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segments working together to form a single pupil aperture</div>
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Ref: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Webb_Space_Telescope_2009_top.jpg">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:James_Webb_Space_Telescope_2009_top.jpg</a></div>
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The volume of an imaging system
is proportional to the cube of its aperture diameter. Using multiple smaller cameras
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9IXMg40eNAPI9qJgrZnnRNsd3PwoyzCPt1koanEkP4xPa8TeEPV11iS2mg2s3wh8KwtF_FqIfwuq4Dsqk0mdurFiH308YEaaEG_x7Ft3ks1036exVWqIPzAVDJFdKtKBCM4BBwtbat-Q/s640/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9IXMg40eNAPI9qJgrZnnRNsd3PwoyzCPt1koanEkP4xPa8TeEPV11iS2mg2s3wh8KwtF_FqIfwuq4Dsqk0mdurFiH308YEaaEG_x7Ft3ks1036exVWqIPzAVDJFdKtKBCM4BBwtbat-Q/s320/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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The Very Large Array telescope at New Mexico</div>
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Sam Thurman from Lockheed Martin
spoke yesterday on this topic at the <a href="http://www.osa.org/en-us/meetings/optics_and_photonics_congresses/imaging_and_applied_optics/computational_optical_sensing_and_imaging/">Computational Optics, Sensing and Imaging (COSI)</a> meeting. He first spoke about combining the optical
fields from each imager physically using delay lines and optical phasing,
resulting in a single incoherent image capture. This gives better image quality
and resolution than separate incoherent images. The SNR of multi-aperture systems
depends on the aperture fill-factor. So choosing the arrangement of your
apertures is important. If the fill factor reduces, the exposure may need to
increase. Gaps in the passband of the system might result in loss of
resolution.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Then Sam discussed coherent
multi-aperture imaging with active laser illumination and digital holography. In
this case each aperture forms a digital hologram. A Fourier-transform, shift, crop
and inverse Fourier transform of this hologram gives the reconstructed object
field. Obtaining the object fields from each such aperture, digitally phase-aligning
and combining them eliminates the physical delay line related hardware. This
results in an even lighter system. Sam showed great images taken with such
coherent multi-aperture systems.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> (Note: I'll add images of systems like Sam's if I find free images.. so far the JWST and VLA radio array were the most easily accessible ones online which somewhat illustrate the idea.) </span></div>
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<br />
The <a href="http://www.osa.org/en-us/meetings/optics_and_photonics_congresses/imaging_and_applied_optics/applied_industrial_optics_spectroscopy,_imaging,_m/">Applied Industrial Optics</a> meeting has an excellent
session planned for Wednesday afternoon that has several folks speaking about
the industrial design, manufacture and application of multi-aperture imaging
systems. Interested? I’ll be there!
</div>
</div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-30204022873016959732013-06-24T11:58:00.002-07:002013-06-24T12:08:13.061-07:00Adding color..<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Much of my time is spent with light – coaxing it to do what I need. Most often I just pop a sensor like a CCD or a CMOS in front of my
beam, get the image out and get to work processing the data to reconstruct,
estimate, optimize. But when we live in the world of computational imaging,
combining optics and image processing, there’s no way that we can take this
detector for granted. So in today’s post, it’s hats-off to the folks that made
a device that enables so many things!<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU0K7iBZWaNOFLS2qUoA5VubVTxb1xmW5ri8-jbOksFutRFOSgWraBfyxOMsnbqF7yU4lgLLPkyxCjw7eaQyL9pP8d2dFeVTafboW5GrCxdQ8yMWWrCZGomVOD6Aec3eWW6m6SI5ntf84/s1600/700px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiU0K7iBZWaNOFLS2qUoA5VubVTxb1xmW5ri8-jbOksFutRFOSgWraBfyxOMsnbqF7yU4lgLLPkyxCjw7eaQyL9pP8d2dFeVTafboW5GrCxdQ8yMWWrCZGomVOD6Aec3eWW6m6SI5ntf84/s320/700px-Bayer_pattern_on_sensor.svg.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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Bayer Color Filter Array</div>
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Light detection is a complicated, ever changing world. From
projecting light temporarily on screens, to films, to digital detectors, the
history of image capture has been spectacular! </div>
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<br /></div>
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On the first day at <a href="http://www.osa.org/en-us/meetings/optics_and_photonics_congresses/imaging_and_applied_optics/">OSA’s Imaging Congress</a> at Arlington, VA,
we saw Michael Kriss give tribute to Bryce Bayer, who is credited with the Bayer color filter –
the distinctive green-red-blue-green filter pattern on sensor pixels in most
digital color cameras. The choice of wavelengths, their passbands, relative
proportions and arrangement that are distinctive of the Bayer pattern, were
developed to enable digital cameras to emulate the tri-color vision response that
we humans take so easily for granted. Since the pattern was first developed it
has been used everywhere, spawning associated work on demultiplexing the colors,
displaying color images, interpolating other colors based on the three captured
wavelengths.. the list goes on. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
With the many advances in patterning and fabrication
processes, and with the explosion in the demand for images, many different
filters and structures have since found their way on to sensors. People are now
interested in more than RGB wavelengths. There is need for polarization
imaging, IR+RGB imaging, high-dynamic range imaging, and many more modalities. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
Still… the basic color image continues to be the most loved
and shared medium of capturing a personal moment. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
How nice would it be, to have your work reach so many across
the world.. inspire more and better! </div>
</div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-37716226050146518932012-10-31T11:25:00.000-07:002013-04-05T11:33:18.858-07:00A few tech summaries from FiO<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuLbI8n1veporbY6NuziWLv5bB-TJSPll6SbovoeyOG2JwDuD37oYcr4qYJVk47U3-uRd0nc2fMbal1spvrBqyy2PVZExcjdcdJgHU1TbR1uqR9FQZZdSzde-DbHhG6EoJLWjUxBzweFs/s1600/FiOROC_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuLbI8n1veporbY6NuziWLv5bB-TJSPll6SbovoeyOG2JwDuD37oYcr4qYJVk47U3-uRd0nc2fMbal1spvrBqyy2PVZExcjdcdJgHU1TbR1uqR9FQZZdSzde-DbHhG6EoJLWjUxBzweFs/s320/FiOROC_1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View from the convention center</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Brief technical summaries of some talks that might interest folks
I know:
</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>X-ray
crystallography generally requires monochromatic, spatially coherent beams to
determine crystal structure through diffraction patterns. It is difficult to
produce such perfectly coherent beams. <a href="http://www.optics.rochester.edu/people/faculty/wolf_emil/index.html">Emil Wolf, University of Rochester</a>, gave
a single author talk on a general formula which gives the effect of spatial
degree of coherence of incident radiation on the diffraction pattern in X-ray
crystallography. This enables the use of partially spatially coherent light in
X-ray crystallography. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">If there was a
single most inspiring moment at <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/">FiO 2012</a>, seeing a nonagenarian scientist stand
up and deliver that talk was it! </span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Sam
Thurman gave a very interesting talk where he performed digital refocusing,
aberration correction, and image stitching for coherent image fields. He used
the sharpness metric. I can’t find an actual paper submission on this work, but
I’ll link it in future. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://3dvis.optics.arizona.edu/">Hu and Hua from Arizona</a> spoke about the design of a see-through, stereo,
multi-focal plane display containing freeform optics. Stereo imaging systems
give decent stereo effect, but suffer from accommodation-vergence conflict. Various
methods can be used to overcome this issue:</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">i)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Spatial multiplexed methods which use beam
splitters (Akeley, 2004) or stacked displays (Rolland 2000)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ii)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span>Time multiplexed systems which use liquid crystral
lenses (Suyama 2008??), deformable mirrors (McQuaide 2003), liquid lenses (Liu
2008) and birefringent lenses (Love 2009).</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Suyama 2008
discussed a depth fused 3D perception mechanism which proposed adding up a
weighted proportion of the content at different display planes to provide
appropriate stereo perception. Liu et al discussed a display using this
mechanism in Opt Express 2010.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The current talk
focused on making a see-through display where they used a double telecentric
image relay and designed a prism shaped eye-piece with freeform surfaces and a
compensator which allows for viewing real-world objects in transmission. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">I think this 3D information display related work is very cool. </span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://3dvis.optics.arizona.edu/">Qin, Zheng and Hua</a> presented a new design for an endoscope which simultaneously
provides high resolution, high magnification and wide field of view. This is
useful to avoid moving the laproscope for a better view during a procedure.
They developed a multi-foveated laproscope<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>with a built-in scan lens that changes the angle of view and zooms in on
a specific portion of the object. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://webee.technion.ac.il/people/YoninaEldar/conference.html">Yonina Eldar’s group</a> has a few interesting papers at FiO. The team showed data from an
FTIR interferometer, where they tried to obtain higher resolution spectral
output than conventionally permitted by the limited travel range of FTIR
systems. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">They used
sparseness and prior information about the shape and spacing of typical
spectral lines, and approximated them sparsely using a known basis. They used
these bases, and search for the extrapolated reconstruction that yields the
sparsest spectrum in the known basis. They also showed some data where they
found bases which represent the low resolution spectrum sparsely and then use
those bases for the reconstruction. They choose the extrapolated reconstruction
which still remains most compactly represented. If this method works as well as
they showed, this should allow for much cheaper FTIR spectrometers output much
finer spectra.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Another paper
from Eldar’s group showed super-resolution beyond the passband of the imaging
system for a 4-f system using similar compressed sensing based reconstructions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">I like this compressed sensing type work. ;)</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.weizmann.ac.il/home/feyaron/PDFfiles/ImagingWalls.pdf">Ori Katz</a> spoke about imaging through scattering, turbid or random media. They treat
walls or tissue as scattering surfaces which generate speckle when light is
incident on them. The reflected light is passed via an SLM which corrects the
wavefront. The phase of light changes as it passes through turbulence or through a turbid
medium. The authors sense the wavefront aberrations and correct them with an
SLM in the light beam so that after passing through the turbid medium it
focuses at the other end to form an image. They discussed results with an incoherent
lamp source and used the local spatial invariance around an isoplanatic patch
to speed up their optimization algorithm (genetic). Ex: Imaging inside an egg.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span>Measuring
diffusion properties of fluids: Can be done using single molecule tracking with
light microscopy which has good spatial resolution, but low depth penetration.
Light scattering techniques like dynamic light scattering (DLS) and diffusing
wave spectroscopy (DWS) give ensemble average responses, but low local
resolution. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is based on light scattering,
has better penetration and can provide local viscoelasticity properties of
complex fluids. <a href="http://user.physics.unc.edu/~aold/research.htm">Raghav Chhetri</a> showed some results for the elastic and viscous
modulus of polyethelene glycol, from using optical coherence microrheology
(OCMR) to resolve diffusion of spherical and rod shaped probes in complex
fluids. </span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://www.physics.purdue.edu/nlo/">David Nolte</a> from Purdue spoke about using cell and
tissue motion as a contrast agent for dynamic light scattering. They use
low-coherence digital holography as a coherence gate to select light from
specific depths in the tissue.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Light scatters
when incident on a complex, moving object. The fluctuations of the reflected
intensity depend on the nature of the motion, such as fast or slow. The
selection of specific depth layers in the object is done with Digital
holography. Digital holography performed in an off-axis configuration can be
used to create spatial interference and allows image reconstruction with a
quick fourier transform.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">David showed
fluctuation spectrograms used for evaluating the effects of drugs on cells
comparing the results before and after. This technique would be very useful for
such drug evaluation applications and others.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9)<span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://disp.duke.edu/projects/AWARE/">Dan Marks: The gigapixel camer</a>a<span id="goog_1008011594"></span> contains a central monocentric objective lens and
several micro-camera systems that enable gigapixel, wide field of view imaging.
Larger FsOV require different objectives and more microcameras. Dan discussed
scalable, economic design of microcameras which can be reused between different
camera designs having different FsOV. This saves them from having to make new
microcameras for every new mono-objective.</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></div>
</div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-55904054889281697952012-10-28T10:36:00.000-07:002013-04-03T10:44:53.786-07:00Educators day at FiO<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Here's some fun we had at e-day.. This is where folks from the optics community, professors, students, industry professionals, all come together with school teachers and educators and explore ways to introduce optics to kids at school and have some fun with light. <br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTbJXp3NZ6hrCKW7ZOc4ZiMb-vNcJIV9Vo3J1dm9S3EFU4wMh9ooZLN5SAfURE-G2aJNK9SOAae6Ji_nUkqa-PRbG3I8IUpW-ouoR1Jc2DExgt8-Wrq7RW4TD4Bim0ChACgY3YHJ4tGvE/s1600/Eday_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTbJXp3NZ6hrCKW7ZOc4ZiMb-vNcJIV9Vo3J1dm9S3EFU4wMh9ooZLN5SAfURE-G2aJNK9SOAae6Ji_nUkqa-PRbG3I8IUpW-ouoR1Jc2DExgt8-Wrq7RW4TD4Bim0ChACgY3YHJ4tGvE/s320/Eday_1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Fancy mounts</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKw80Jue4zDEP5-m8gnXT6SNpUbSAL0edXKdtZQGm0OPNsFFb9Ndx_HGasr1bguJK_w6IbfGNUjAyN_TfN7sGAJCMf5iSAoQWLV8d5Q5qOuTBgaIW43uii3Vc6Ob5Jck3-4qg8eg0xGKI/s1600/Eday_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKw80Jue4zDEP5-m8gnXT6SNpUbSAL0edXKdtZQGm0OPNsFFb9Ndx_HGasr1bguJK_w6IbfGNUjAyN_TfN7sGAJCMf5iSAoQWLV8d5Q5qOuTBgaIW43uii3Vc6Ob5Jck3-4qg8eg0xGKI/s320/Eday_4.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Pretty lights</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZSkdTZPoPkh7_Ko6ZHxpvw1BML6-3Rl_Pi_sRK40llntmmu2kyiBagxDywnEvZLDwhmUFLGTeFuJMbK_qR7S40y17tagPL0fYtZhszvIQ1kTdDSm2tQMEpIxV92x2LtvyH-oH4mdSXls/s1600/Eday_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZSkdTZPoPkh7_Ko6ZHxpvw1BML6-3Rl_Pi_sRK40llntmmu2kyiBagxDywnEvZLDwhmUFLGTeFuJMbK_qR7S40y17tagPL0fYtZhszvIQ1kTdDSm2tQMEpIxV92x2LtvyH-oH4mdSXls/s320/Eday_2.jpg" width="265" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bending light with water</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnm3DY9zAlwAXwzmjT5t9eZ5ZsCXqoskDNyVASgYlD2sWQqDP5aIUPOHube_b_n4RTx5eRzZgzhpIejIuaG3PeIZ_ush-BYkMpIr4Huy25WpdMbKe3Jq1Rm646nh5MQzUPiGy-aI7lVzw/s1600/Eday_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6K_Jw2PZDD3lJ5w_4Li4qsnb8fiV9xv_YzPdFjmC2Ijrc3M5smN-gFVzOKq9KI-Iv1XoPixkj_JNj9LOIQHS9Nja-9Xq3HTGXoYF-N_EAj4ywMKVgoWZg-Etd9wP1EzOsmphgNrvHfSM/s1600/Eday_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbAE-onFm_MQ6jZ1nO4Ny0SNB_FkQZzlqXaQvb7wG9iq7FJfr2crNuUbPLRvIJlznM-IT9KOaaDwJSv2aZdngj1AVXqMh5c6FBd0NN6EQfqgtGP3-LvsOXteoIWbakaX8UQy2JUsag4qg/s1600/Eday_diffractionrainbow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbAE-onFm_MQ6jZ1nO4Ny0SNB_FkQZzlqXaQvb7wG9iq7FJfr2crNuUbPLRvIJlznM-IT9KOaaDwJSv2aZdngj1AVXqMh5c6FBd0NN6EQfqgtGP3-LvsOXteoIWbakaX8UQy2JUsag4qg/s320/Eday_diffractionrainbow.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
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Looking at the world through <s>rose</s> rainbow </div>
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coloured glasses</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggJjGsHJqODC0PCjiZ3cHZEc_53Hc7KFk9020WFYbpWdfL-VCAh7-jZsgw3ozXnUEEK5TVWogkTN7iSPi_CEEOO0vGqNw0MZE5gmr4OE6vV-wUbBXbmTU4p3iQmMLfR1JQainxtXNDKpA/s1600/Eday_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggJjGsHJqODC0PCjiZ3cHZEc_53Hc7KFk9020WFYbpWdfL-VCAh7-jZsgw3ozXnUEEK5TVWogkTN7iSPi_CEEOO0vGqNw0MZE5gmr4OE6vV-wUbBXbmTU4p3iQmMLfR1JQainxtXNDKpA/s320/Eday_3.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sometimes you need dark to see light</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Cheerio!<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-20865710123064784482012-10-23T19:03:00.002-07:002012-10-23T19:03:41.185-07:00Endoscopy - focusing and depolarization<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<br />
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Hey folks.. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Multimode fibers are great for endoscopy type scanning
applications. But a beam focused at a multimode fiber generates a scrambled
random speckle pattern at the output, with the fiber acting like a turbid
medium. Digital phase conjugation can be used to suppress this speckle. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmz0LtgHoNgWmkGyCnRzZo81YoAFbcd0IZU6PaQUd87HjEuOC60s058Uuyd0zt3_IcsC4x26rxcPVUxuI0cymtPJao-w9IaF1bvRu9iDron2_gUePRs7DJOZdOZFq1zZVCsZG-LSaFdkQ/s1600/Papadopoulos1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmz0LtgHoNgWmkGyCnRzZo81YoAFbcd0IZU6PaQUd87HjEuOC60s058Uuyd0zt3_IcsC4x26rxcPVUxuI0cymtPJao-w9IaF1bvRu9iDron2_gUePRs7DJOZdOZFq1zZVCsZG-LSaFdkQ/s400/Papadopoulos1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
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</div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ref: Ioannis N. Papadopoulos, Salma Farahi,Christophe Moser, </span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and Demetri Psaltis, "Focusing and
scanning light through </span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a multimode optical fiber using digital phase
conjugation," </span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Opt. Express <b>20</b>, 10583-10590 (2012)</span></a></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ioannis
Papadopoulos spoke on this topic at Frontiers in Optics this year. They
interfere the speckle pattern with a plane reference beam and image the
resultant off-axis hologram at a detector. They calculate the phase of the
speckled field from the hologram and project it on a phase-SLM. The reference
beam is now reflected back from the SLM generating a conjugate field which is
projected at the fiber tip.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Because of
this pre-aberration, the light output at the other end of the multimode fiber
now is sharply focused. This principle can be used to compute required phases
at the SLM and digitally, axially scan the focused spot. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy5B5UHxmGQg6fnn3GRSHfQlpN8LipCoADIqMZ_kxqif9etzGBKGaZ8f2ZZlXAZ170p1cfjfs2OJumCyoVhwNxK6qY4C3osNSkiT1E3Y-3vqzaQqJvAlFBZ_fePGurC8s2CFG6gGe6wKI/s1600/Papadopoulos2.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy5B5UHxmGQg6fnn3GRSHfQlpN8LipCoADIqMZ_kxqif9etzGBKGaZ8f2ZZlXAZ170p1cfjfs2OJumCyoVhwNxK6qY4C3osNSkiT1E3Y-3vqzaQqJvAlFBZ_fePGurC8s2CFG6gGe6wKI/s320/Papadopoulos2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ref: Ioannis N. Papadopoulos, Salma Farahi,
Christophe Moser, </span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">and Demetri Psaltis, "Focusing and
scanning light through </span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">a multimode optical fiber using digital phase
conjugation," </span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-20-10-10583&id=232812" target="_blank"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Opt. Express <b>20</b>, 10583-10590 (2012)</span></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Julian Fade spoke about sensing the
depolarization of a material through fiber endoscopes. It’s difficult to
control polarization for light propagating through a birefringent material such
as fiber. But polarimetric orthogonality is not affected by propagation through
a fiber. So, the authors use a dual frequency, dual polarization probe beam and
propose measuring the depolarization strength of a material from the way it
breaks the orthogonality between the two orthogonal polarization states
incident on it. </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCLB1SB0zMiSxq5khaaqYdJS2TUObDKiarLlsc2zNgit9ESHofsR61gIiQnYON_ASJMNRO8cRDHltu17bj_x8O3jVt7iYKWdCQJeq7ZfkQXFyg8F5ftbhU2uAYwZoSYftTOfNEm0sMouA/s1600/Fade1.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCLB1SB0zMiSxq5khaaqYdJS2TUObDKiarLlsc2zNgit9ESHofsR61gIiQnYON_ASJMNRO8cRDHltu17bj_x8O3jVt7iYKWdCQJeq7ZfkQXFyg8F5ftbhU2uAYwZoSYftTOfNEm0sMouA/s320/Fade1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
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<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=FiO-2012-FTu4E.2"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Ref: J. FADE and M. Alouini, "Endoscopic
Depolarization Sensing by </span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=FiO-2012-FTu4E.2"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Polarization Orthogonality Breaking," in <i>Frontiers
in Optics </i></span></a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=FiO-2012-FTu4E.2" target="_blank">Conference, OSATechnical Digest (online) (Optical Society of </a></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?uri=FiO-2012-FTu4E.2"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">America, 2012), paper FTu4E.2.</span></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">They showed measurements for a single pixel (fiber), but if the
fiber is scanned over a field of view they could obtain images which would be
very useful application of a fiber endoscope.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
</div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-63531521085359851212012-10-17T07:02:00.000-07:002012-10-17T21:31:58.251-07:00Omega and Omega EP, not the watches<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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Hey everyone.. Monday afternoon I joined a guided tour of the <a href="http://www.lle.rochester.edu/">Laboratory for Laser Energetics</a> at <a href="http://www.rochester.edu/">University of Rochester</a>. It was organized by UoR/LLE and the <a href="http://www.osa.org/">Optical Society of America</a>.</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMkzyL9k1HqZ595AnhNRhB0V24A7pldvucbYVSk3DlH9KYVHdG7352WeY0RvBj45jTGBxgBBqH85GVw_gOkM9JzETrNRU7bULKfWWQsniRJo46qMjdeKqFAKQSiMldBIhhyphenhyphenwIHOGQnNyU/s1600/OmegaLaser1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMkzyL9k1HqZ595AnhNRhB0V24A7pldvucbYVSk3DlH9KYVHdG7352WeY0RvBj45jTGBxgBBqH85GVw_gOkM9JzETrNRU7bULKfWWQsniRJo46qMjdeKqFAKQSiMldBIhhyphenhyphenwIHOGQnNyU/s320/OmegaLaser1.jpg" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">OMEGA</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">The <a href="http://www.lle.rochester.edu/">Laboratory for Laser Energetics</a>, established in 1970, has
been involved in major engineering efforts to build high power lasers. They conduct
research on high energy density phenomena, matter interaction, implosion and plasma
physics. The OMEGA and OMEGA EP (extended performance) are two such major laser
systems used to study matter under high power laser pulses. The
OMEGA system delivers 40K Joules of energy from 60 focused UV laser beams to
the target. Top right in the picture is a portion of the target chamber
structure. </span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYlkd6WIRRInd8dnQz8UBQBInEfJljM8BKVnKZfo1MdtjWBq0k-xMt1vucxsY1hK44zi91dQEbhTymxcPXFKzHwQilgWfencx2qotcjYb1flECfK4sbZnwjEcpli_urrhUo14-H73Flto/s1600/OmegaEPLaser1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYlkd6WIRRInd8dnQz8UBQBInEfJljM8BKVnKZfo1MdtjWBq0k-xMt1vucxsY1hK44zi91dQEbhTymxcPXFKzHwQilgWfencx2qotcjYb1flECfK4sbZnwjEcpli_urrhUo14-H73Flto/s400/OmegaEPLaser1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">OMEGA EP</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The OMEGA EP (extended performance) system
delivers pulses with petawatts of energy used for x-ray and proton radiography.
Up front (to the left in this click) you see the top portion of target structure. Towards the back (top in
the picture) are the amplifiers and beamlines.</span></span></span></div>
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Optics comes in all scales and sizes. Here were systems that required the construction of entirely new, custom buildings and dedicated power, air, cooling and resource management.. systems which deliver the kind of power that makes matter implode! At another extreme are nano and micro level optical systems fabricated on tiny chips, self powered and sometimes even disposable! </div>
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Engineering can accomplish marvels! </div>
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Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-3545515891085439982012-10-15T19:30:00.000-07:002012-10-15T19:30:17.315-07:00Consulting in Optics<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<div>
Hey everybody.. Today I attended the <a href="http://www.osa.org/membership/grants_recognitions_special_services/mwosa/">Minorities and Women in OSA</a> meeting at <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/">Frontiers in Optics</a>. They had organized a talk by <a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/opticsjen">Jennifer Kruschwitz</a> on consulting
as a career. Jennifer is always positive and fun to meet.. so it was a great to have her for the early morning breakfast event!<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<img height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipck_H7zM0DbzGiw6BFD_7sn3QBe3R8oOzCRBFCvsdZ1N-tnUv6RsOxfRg2Qfn7jN6d7OSQNp0ccJVf7rPY6NSn6p5edAVxcWD8_WJCzOuSS_IUqrM47NRGjxqVJdj66372M3HqNsd_iE/" width="320" /> </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
Jennifer
has worked in both industry and academia, and consulted through it all. Today, she spoke about her perspective and experiences consulting and working in the optics industry.<br />
<br />
Her most emphatic advice to anybody considering a career in optics consulting was to make sure we work on articulating and communicating well. Good communication skills are necessary in any job
and must certainly be invaluable while consulting. Good communication is not just about being an extrovert. We need to really communicate solid technical content, maybe altering the level of detail that needs to be discussed, to anybody from any background, having any level of technical skills. <br />
<br />
She mentioned consulting requires a stout heart. There are periods when there is no project and then bursts when there is tons of work! It requires a good support system at home, a plan-of-action for the down periods, a good amount of patience and persistence.<br />
<br />
She advised wise investment of time and money.. such as acquiring skills
and experience which may help in the future, publishing, writing and
volunteering to get positive exposure and choosing the right projects to
ensure you are on the track you want to be in the long run.<br />
<br />
Some people just like owning their own work, setting their own path and really prefer to consult than work for someone. Some folks are simply faced with career dilemmas managing a young family or a two-body problem. Certainly consulting is a great option for all of the above. Setting about it with a plan and long term goals in mind, like Jennifer suggested, was certainly great advice!<br />
</div>
<div>
Thanks, Jennifer for the great talk today! Anybody interested, Jennifer Kruschwitz works on <a href="http://www.kruschwitz.com/">thin films and optical coatings</a>.<br /><br />
Cheerio and thanks for reading! </div>
</div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-40975086174391821292012-10-13T22:38:00.001-07:002012-10-13T22:38:20.527-07:00Off to Rochester!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
Hey everybody..<br />
<br />
It's Frontiers in Optics time again and I'm off to Rochester tomorrow! It'll be my first visit since graduation! Some of my best friendships and memories are from Rochester. I get to meet a lot of the folks at meetings and conferences. Some of my Rochester friends also work in the Bay area. But it's after a long time I'm going to go to the University, see my old offices and labs again.. meet everyone again! :) <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6wNcJqXAh3TLZGc1yVXUSn06rkrQQ5pz1h07namwDOt8WGrPFPIL60NlagKY-sdnnw0ZoKvkmvnHQ7HDkmCRtMRmo1DFf-m8s3STIpyscQftvDiU61gRqautMX39rxJqgDgVuCAxZqU/s1600/Fall1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR6wNcJqXAh3TLZGc1yVXUSn06rkrQQ5pz1h07namwDOt8WGrPFPIL60NlagKY-sdnnw0ZoKvkmvnHQ7HDkmCRtMRmo1DFf-m8s3STIpyscQftvDiU61gRqautMX39rxJqgDgVuCAxZqU/s320/Fall1.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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We've had some good times at Rochester. If you are visiting for the first time, fall colors should be out about now. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv4BWh7ntR5sJsft04OL-X5Tm1pTx3gY1qptwlJIr4_-mY2gwwu-SbZs9YS1z809FW8NXi-ieDnWEUeQI31c6PFDhS7iyWXihnkZ3jW5S_nY-opsL97kyCzKDwM6fSCMIUn_NddTX0fkg/s1600/Fall3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgv4BWh7ntR5sJsft04OL-X5Tm1pTx3gY1qptwlJIr4_-mY2gwwu-SbZs9YS1z809FW8NXi-ieDnWEUeQI31c6PFDhS7iyWXihnkZ3jW5S_nY-opsL97kyCzKDwM6fSCMIUn_NddTX0fkg/s320/Fall3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span id="goog_324704799"></span><span id="goog_324704800"></span><br />
And other than the University and neighborhood around, you could check out..<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDb3m6w_WIl1wWdAR1hqj-mzZPmm3wRASvjI7DZbOzIk1v7xP7EsyQQr6bJtNzFsgVfczyufkkBvBe3-m15za_v0RwTVcitgXTU7IkO0PogmiWRb-zcdSM5WTu5im63Ve7zDWT_zjhQ6w/s1600/Niagara1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDb3m6w_WIl1wWdAR1hqj-mzZPmm3wRASvjI7DZbOzIk1v7xP7EsyQQr6bJtNzFsgVfczyufkkBvBe3-m15za_v0RwTVcitgXTU7IkO0PogmiWRb-zcdSM5WTu5im63Ve7zDWT_zjhQ6w/s320/Niagara1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Niagara Falls..<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjshtn6dLVo2PK9o-9mwKIodl-wBuMPX49aEa2dgEk6Tv_qRoZizL3rUjt14MnUiH8BBVfgIiQFR9X1LlIEFHfB_t18Ykaqe_grzR61jxwg2Y4pVyIj_wD0LXxTB96JbQoq-makiUABtpA/s1600/Letchworth1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjshtn6dLVo2PK9o-9mwKIodl-wBuMPX49aEa2dgEk6Tv_qRoZizL3rUjt14MnUiH8BBVfgIiQFR9X1LlIEFHfB_t18Ykaqe_grzR61jxwg2Y4pVyIj_wD0LXxTB96JbQoq-makiUABtpA/s320/Letchworth1.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Letchworth Park..<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRoES_P0hmxzLzwcj0zlZqPBTOHbZaihiIks1arAzo2gKqOb8qakEciMtWzagBJN8CArgd0nIYZGY1vCc9skuIhUms1Z5KcdkGyt8NAsq3eHESsPiGuzQoZo2A1Dx7YQ-MPmo4srVE8_4/s1600/LakeGeorge1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRoES_P0hmxzLzwcj0zlZqPBTOHbZaihiIks1arAzo2gKqOb8qakEciMtWzagBJN8CArgd0nIYZGY1vCc9skuIhUms1Z5KcdkGyt8NAsq3eHESsPiGuzQoZo2A1Dx7YQ-MPmo4srVE8_4/s320/LakeGeorge1.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
Cruise along on Lake George if you want to drive just a bit further.. lot of other places too.. just quickly spotted these clicks on my hard disk. ;)<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOox0nEDiKG1WCIzD4CwNosJQY2CNH7P2py4nYDNbN95mWVlqIldl8m_xZGGA-_MN05K34072PePEqMnAnHi5fClMSETQVewr2xrV3Mli04npxy8doEUvS_TamQezXGlz8O9mezhSyjng/s1600/Fall4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOox0nEDiKG1WCIzD4CwNosJQY2CNH7P2py4nYDNbN95mWVlqIldl8m_xZGGA-_MN05K34072PePEqMnAnHi5fClMSETQVewr2xrV3Mli04npxy8doEUvS_TamQezXGlz8O9mezhSyjng/s320/Fall4.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
But mainly I am going to meet old friends, catch up, check out everybody's latest at the conference, hang out and have some fun!<br />
<br />
Hope to post a bit this coming week. Cheerio!<br />
<br /></div>
Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-44855063576592434572012-05-25T12:18:00.001-07:002012-05-25T12:52:45.651-07:00POC Diagnostics - A walk in the PARC<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Hey everyone.. I’m back..!</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It’s not as if stuff hasn’t been happening around here. Dusty blogs = all work less play. Yesterday I attended a very inspiring talk and I decided today I just have to take an hour off and summarize it here! </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">It was <a href="http://www.parc.com/about/people/99/peter-kiesel.html">Peter Keisel</a> from the <a href="http://www.parc.com/">Palo Alto Research Center</a>. PARC is an independent subsidiary of Xerox, and consists of about 170 researchers in 4 labs. This work on sophisticated point-of-care opto-fluidic detection from their opto-electronics group was super-exciting! I had been looking forward to meeting Peter Keisel and hearing more about his work. Finally everything came together at the <a href="http://osa.braveline.com/ncal/">N-Cal OSA</a> meeting yesterday.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHsR8Qi1fbRDYg1mA5uYbJOEJeoLbEracMfpPwjVUl0G6AWi2wF_hFS7mQhKI3p-gPpSRqFSHYKbtAGWWJIrqCI1bpKPP75b2gbpju9gthLJTC3OidS1x_rd4abIfwrXyeCEiHR0ZQ6UI/s1600/TestingOffice.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHsR8Qi1fbRDYg1mA5uYbJOEJeoLbEracMfpPwjVUl0G6AWi2wF_hFS7mQhKI3p-gPpSRqFSHYKbtAGWWJIrqCI1bpKPP75b2gbpju9gthLJTC3OidS1x_rd4abIfwrXyeCEiHR0ZQ6UI/s320/TestingOffice.jpg" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">ref: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/images/</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Diagnostics and testing of water, blood, and other samples often involves counting cells or particles of a certain type, defined by size, spectra or other characteristics. Equipment like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_cytometry">flow cytometers</a> are often used for such testing. But their size, cost and complexity limits their availability. Therefore, such testing is often conducted in dedicated labs and testing centers. Depending on the local infrastructure and perishable nature of the test sample, this costly and time consuming effort, sometimes may not even be possible. Hence development of compact, inexpensive and robust devices for point-of-care testing is a critical and active area of research. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Peter discussed an opto-fluidic detection device developed by his team at PARC. The device contains...<br />
<a name='more'></a>.. a channel with flowing particles, illuminated with an extended excitation light source (LEDs and lasers, both work). The signal from the moving particles is modulated by a spatial mask as they flow and pass by different portions of the mask. At a given time, signal from all the particles, flowing at a known speed, along the known mask, is integrated on a photodetector (or APD or PMT if you need more signal). The time dependent signal is then processed with correlation and FFT analysis to detect and count the number of particles that emitted this modulated signal. This device is small, requires no complicated laser sources or optics,therefore has very little alignment and cost. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI3eAuiTuxli7L6ihpAatcBHQap5OnohzJLmp4I3xbYwqR98-0ACgLACc9wMkC4X4hzjPeNcI6ahKLqBfb0x0mGWmtzTv3oYVCfhaIPtjEoprqFAuMxBMFRyOZ3N-HlWxN3wcDlzzpZso/s1600/PeterKeiselNcalOSA2.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI3eAuiTuxli7L6ihpAatcBHQap5OnohzJLmp4I3xbYwqR98-0ACgLACc9wMkC4X4hzjPeNcI6ahKLqBfb0x0mGWmtzTv3oYVCfhaIPtjEoprqFAuMxBMFRyOZ3N-HlWxN3wcDlzzpZso/s320/PeterKeiselNcalOSA2.jpeg" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr align="center"><td class="tr-caption"><div class="MsoNormal">Handheld prototype at PARC </div><div class="MsoNormal">Ref: http://www.laserfocusworld.com</div><div class="MsoNormal">/articles/2010/11/optofluidics-spatially</div><div class="MsoNormal">-modulated-emission-advances-point-</div>of-care-diagnostics.html </td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">The size of the smallest particle counted is determined by the feature size on this spatially modulated mask. You can design different masks for different sized cells, and use colored patterned masks for identifying different spectra. They showed pictures of a handheld prototype (shown above). The light source, optics and detector are fixed. The channel itself can be made into a detachable use-and-throw chip which can be varied with different masks for different diseases or particles. He showed good results for detecting HIV (CD4 testing), water monitoring for giardia, cryptosporidium, e-coli and other pathogens. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Considering that PARC is a largely research organization and does not sell medical devices, it was very interesting to hear how the device was invented and what will become of it. Peter mentioned that their research on this spatial modulation technique started out several years ago with quite different applications in mind. Over time they evaluated areas which could derive greater benefit and, about 2 years ago, they zeroed in on developing this compact and low cost device for point-of-care diagnostics. It currently costs less than 350$ and they are working on further miniaturization and looking for partners to collaborate and commercialize this device. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Our sincere thanks to Peter Keisel for telling us all about this research and the evolution of this device. A flexible and portable device like this would be a life-saver in remote locations, allowing doctors and nurses to deliver critical disease diagnosis and remedies, decide if the water in this well or stream is contaminated, and whether this fever will go away in a week or 7 days.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">Thanks for stopping by, folks! Cheerio!</div></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-37124551532631925842011-11-06T21:48:00.001-08:002012-05-25T12:49:28.808-07:00Getting it together<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Hey everyone..<br />
<br />
Recently I met up with some friends from undergrad and we were discussing life and times in engineering school. You have a lot of good friends. You study and learn, yes, because there are classes and homeworks and tests and exams. But a large part of my memories are of time spent with friends, little comments and jokes cracked just before an exam. I valued my friends and classmates for their friendship and their company through those times. And yet, all these years I had never credited them with teaching me everything I have learnt! <br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/hbBz9J-xVxE?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This one is a 5 minute introduction of the problem </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbBz9J-xVxE</span> </div><br />
Someone recently pointed me to a very good talk on education by <a href="http://mazur.harvard.edu/research/detailspage.php?ed=1&rowid=8">Professor Eric Mazur who teaches Physics at Harvard</a>. He spoke about the problem with the common lecture-homework-exam approach. He says that it is not the teachers alone that enable a student's learning and understanding. Real learning, be it in engineering or any other discipline (his own examples are from physics), largely happens outside the class when we do homeworks with friends, discuss problems and questions, and study for exams with others. <br />
<a name='more'></a><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/lBYrKPoVFwg?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Short clip of Mazur's solution, gives a gist of the teaching technique </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lBYrKPoVFwg</span></div><br />
Professor Mazur proposes and adopts a system where lectures are pre-recorded and attended online like pre-class homework. Actual class time with the teacher is spent in a question-answer session involving questions asked by the teacher, answered by students (first on their own) through interactive voting systems, then discussed by students with a few of their neighbours and re-answered based on their renewed understanding after the discussion.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/tn1DLFnbGOo?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">This is the full length video of one of his talks.. bit long, but <b>really</b> good!!</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tn1DLFnbGOo</span> </div><br />
He says that, as you grow more senior and advanced in the subject, it gets harder for a teacher to understand what difficulties a person newly learning this concept may encounter. It is the student who has just recently learnt a concept who knows exactly what those difficulties are and can therefore "teach" better. His demo class seems very interactive and involved. It's so common to go "No talking in class" that a place where students are actively encouraged to talk and discuss amongst themselves is very nice!<br />
<br />
I guess I always thought of my teachers and books when I thought of my education. Never appreciated the involvement of friends in our homework sessions, and discussions we had outside class. But when I think back, I can remember many many times going over something with a friend and together we got it! Or learning something from someone who had just picked up that piece before me and remembered how they too were confused by some right-hand-left-hand-rule or the other. I remember understanding a concept in circuits over a phone discussion. Once a friend and I even figured out how to plot rivers on a map... on the phone..! (See now, that was all learning.. completely justifies the phone bill!)<br />
<br />
Certainly got me thinking about technical education and how it could perhaps be jazzed up a bit. Also made sure I give due credit to friends and classmates from school!! ;) <br />
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Cheerio and thanks for stopping by!</div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-82481997109447607192011-10-31T22:12:00.001-07:002012-05-25T12:50:20.994-07:00FiO 2011 - part 6 (final)<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hey everybody.. this is going to be the last post with my notes on Frontiers in Optics 2011. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_wiUkwPpNSbNyX4ave1o7MRWRfPw2uGHNVqDJ9LamqR52cVU2oCiX1VA5spVAxyh6t0nbUcIyQ2bkXcvvqNKcV-ziLJ-hDudNfES-66C8vkvgNrkMHmx5cSR4qxYN1yzvRot9XFGW5cY/s1600/CarbajoGengAward.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_wiUkwPpNSbNyX4ave1o7MRWRfPw2uGHNVqDJ9LamqR52cVU2oCiX1VA5spVAxyh6t0nbUcIyQ2bkXcvvqNKcV-ziLJ-hDudNfES-66C8vkvgNrkMHmx5cSR4qxYN1yzvRot9XFGW5cY/s320/CarbajoGengAward.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sergio Carbajo and Ying Geng won the Hilbert Grant award in</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> optical engineering, lens design and illumination. Pic courtesy <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/opticalsociety/sets/72157627790376027/">OSA</a>.</span></div></td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sergio Carbajo, from Colorado State University, who won the Hilbert Grant (in pic above) showed some amazing movies taken for <b>nanoscale moving objects at near wavelength resolution</b>. They have built an EUV tabletop laser and use repetitive nanosecond pulses from the laser with a zone plate objective to image the nanoscale moving object.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ying Geng from Rochester, who </span><span style="font-size: small;">also won the Hilbert Grant (in pic above), </span><span style="font-size: small;"> showed clear and <b>sharp images of the mouse retina</b> obtained using an <b>adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope</b>. The mouse imaging is very important for disease detection, diagnosis and cure because it is easier to find transgenic and knockout models of various eye-diseases in mice. But mice have notoriously poor vision. One would assume this should make for terrible images. But Ying managed to modify the beacon used for wavefront sensing to adapt to the unusually thick retina of the mouse (compared to humans). The beacon is now an annular shape instead of the conventional full uniform beam at the pupil and gives a tight sharp wavefront sensing spot allowing her to do adaptive optics sensing and correction. She showed images of the photoreceptor mosaic, blood capillaries, nerve fiber bundles. She also showed fluorescence labeled ganglion cells and even some results of classifying the ganglion cells into bi-stratified and mono-stratified classes which have dendrites (like roots) in two layers or one layer respectively. Very cool!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">In the animal optics session.. </span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: small;"> Ronald Kroger gave a very nice talk about <b>multifocal optics of fish lens</b>. He followed animal eyes over evolution and showed how a single photoreceptor evolved into a directional light sensor, then incorporating multiple sensor and even compound eyes. Fish have almost spherical eye-lens and very good color vision. Apparently many fish have excellent correction for spherical and chromatic aberration. Their multi-focal, gradient index lens, with different zones, caters to different wavelengths and focuses them all at the same plane. Apparently there are also fish with multiple layers in their retina, so that different wavelengths which naturally focus at different axial planes may be sensed by different photopigments at those respective depth planes. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jakub Svoboda from the Czech Technical University in Prague, showed a method of using <b>waveguides for document security and inspection</b>. Traditionally document security such as for credit cards and currency notes has used technologies like holograms, watermarks, etc. Jakub proposed using diffraction gratings in the material of the document to accept and guide light into waveguides hidden inside the material. These waveguides direct the in-coupled light to other areas of the document where it is coupled out. You can mix and match in-coupling areas to guide light to form letters and patterns in the document when light is incident. Very neat! </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Michael Kudenov from the Optical Detection Lab at Arizona gave a great talk on spectrometric and polarization imaging. He spoke about a <b>compact snapshot imaging spectrometer</b>, which works like a Michelson interferometer (FT spectrometer). But to avoid the axial/OPD scanning of a mirror they use a Wollaston prism combined with a polarizer and analyzer combination. They used this with a multi-lenslet array to obtain an imaging spectrometer. They showed a nice compact device and were able to capture multispectral images of a moving car, people etc. He also spoke about their <b>channeled white light polarimeter</b> and <b><span style="color: black;">IR hyperspectral Imaging Polarimeter.</span></b><span style="color: black;"> </span></span> </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ng, Poon and Gehm used a <b>rapid polymer jet prototyping machine</b> to additively print layers and fabricate <b>computer generated holograms for terahertz bands</b>. They showed results with multiple gratings in the computer generated volume hologram. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">The wavefront sensing and adaptive optics sessions had several good talks. Martin Booth from Oxford spoke about using <b>image based sensorless wavefront sensing for microscopes</b> using a deformable mirror and quality metrics in the output image such as total image intensity, etc. They choose an appropriate basis to influence the aberrations in an image. Traditionally Zernike modes are used for aberration description (sensing as well as correction). Here they proposed using the natural deformation modes of the mirror as the bases to derive optimum modes. This allows them to take into consideration experimental issues such as system misalignment, etc.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">This year FiO had a great Math session toward the end of the conference. Eric Clarkson from Arizona showed that it is possible to <b>reduce the dimensions of an SVD</b> computation for rotationally symmetric imaging systems like CT scanners by the number of angles in which the data is collected. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Michael Gehm spoke about <b>adaptive spectral classification without collecting a complete data cube of spectral data</b>. If you don’t want to get an image, just classify the object or material, they propose there is no need to acquire the complete hyperspectral image data. They use adaptive feature specific spectroscopy which measures spectral features or sums of spectral channels which increase the probability of classification. They use this with a task-specific information metric so that each measurement contains the optimal amount of information for the given task. They extend the spectrometer to an imager by combining this with snapshot spectral imaging substituting the conventional aperture mask with a DMD or an SLM.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Jorge Ojeda-Castaneda gave a spectacular closing talk in the very last session at FiO, where he spoke about using <b>tunable phase masks</b> to obtain tunable Gaussian apodizing filters and extended depth of field. He used two optical phase arrays placed in close proximity to each other, but slightly displaced. The complex amplitude transmittance of one array was the complex conjugate of the other array. He chose the complex conjugated phases in such a way that their concatenation, combined with the displacement of one mask with respect to the other, produced a tunable cubic phase mask and allowed extended depth of field imaging. A slightly different choice of the conjugate phase allowed him to use this combination as a tunable Gaussian apodizer. He used the apodizer to reduce oscillations in the defocused MTF of an extended depth of field system. Very nice and flexible concept. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">There were several other great talks I saw, and some I still need to see on the recorded videos! But it would be endless if I wrote about them all. So this is where I will end my posts on Frontiers in Optics 2011! </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_UtCvSX2VTZ3izQas6w6ebJLO_vYwom3Yq7g0CZ_e9kwvKEQYvhZ0AJ69r5KcXS5rzMEnmCuKoz-HEJ4a7xi3AVMsIj7Vo3UXWQkD251AqXCbQx2TUVDZSpBxX5Wv1tAW2ncNmRPiSj0/s1600/Reception3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_UtCvSX2VTZ3izQas6w6ebJLO_vYwom3Yq7g0CZ_e9kwvKEQYvhZ0AJ69r5KcXS5rzMEnmCuKoz-HEJ4a7xi3AVMsIj7Vo3UXWQkD251AqXCbQx2TUVDZSpBxX5Wv1tAW2ncNmRPiSj0/s320/Reception3.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Dance party at the reception! </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pic courtesy <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/opticalsociety/sets/72157627790376027/">OSA</a>.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thanks and three cheers to the organizers and all the attendees..!! We sure make an awesome community!</span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-57467058479937100352011-10-24T12:08:00.001-07:002012-05-25T12:51:11.761-07:00FiO 2011 - part 5<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hey everybody.. FiO is officially over. But I am still processing the information from the sessions. In this post I'm going to summarize some of the talks I thought were interesting work. More will come later..</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsPhIZbK5tAaP_UFvHAtOcijSu1lpA14D_nkVJmuxce4seeN1ne3nPfEJbJTam3AhKqVA4NvE6sTHqqJO4Xogndm8FDJz_7NTsR7QWl5Kl7fdXYZCfMXqR4ffwGizNzcWdu0XWzVdZpuA/s1600/HotTopics1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsPhIZbK5tAaP_UFvHAtOcijSu1lpA14D_nkVJmuxce4seeN1ne3nPfEJbJTam3AhKqVA4NvE6sTHqqJO4Xogndm8FDJz_7NTsR7QWl5Kl7fdXYZCfMXqR4ffwGizNzcWdu0XWzVdZpuA/s1600/HotTopics1.jpg" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">David Brady at the Hot Topics. Pic courtesy: OSA</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">In the Hot Topics session for information sensing and processing David Brady emphasized that optics is increasingly penetrating digital systems. <b>Compressive measurement</b> has started being used in optics and is increasingly more practical. Compressive measurement has now been demonstrated for projection tomography, snapshot hyperspectral imaging, OCT, holography, digital superresolution, etc. This year FiO had a tutorial talk by Rebecca Willett and a whole session dedicated to the topic. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Serhan Isikman and M. J. Lee from the <a href="http://innovate.ee.ucla.edu/welcome.html">Ozcan group</a> talked about...</span><br />
<a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: small;">... <b>Holographic Optofluidic Tomography</b> – <b>lensfree on-chip imaging</b> (in-line holography). A partially coherent light source like an LED illuminates weakly scattering transmissive objects in a microfluidic channel. Some of the light gets through directly, some carries object information. Together they interfere and an in-line hologram is imaged on a CMOS sensor array. The low pixel resolution is compensated by taking multiple images using the motion of the object or light source for shifted images. Using a light source at different angles like in an X-ray CT allows them to obtain a tomographic effect, and using some sort of filtered back-projection they can reconstruct 3D data. They now have a portable lensfree tomographic microscope. This technique is good mostly for transmissive, weakly scattering objects. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">They also spoke about <b>compact, field portable, cost-effective, reflective and transmissive microscopy.</b> The reflection mode does lensfree digital off-axis holography and digital reconstruction to obtain the object image. This mode is useful for dense media. For transmission mode they use in-line holography. They used this technique for malaria detection, sperm analysis, etc. They showed a dual arm microscope which contains 2 CMOS sensors and combines both reflection and transmission modes using a beam splitter. This can image transmission amplitude and phase and reflection.<span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"></span><a href="http://www.biophot.caltech.edu/research/epetri.html"></a></span> </div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"></span> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7h3rf1lrdg&feature=channel_video_title"><br />
</a><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/v7h3rf1lrdg?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="color: black;">Ref: </span></span><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7h3rf1lrdg&feature=channel_video_title">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7h3rf1lrdg&feature=channel_video_title</a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span> <br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Changhuei Yang from Caltech spoke about their <a href="http://www.biophot.caltech.edu/research/epetri.html">ePetri Dish Projec</a>t. Their group has a similar method for imaging without lenses. They place a sensor at the bottom of a petri dish and cells in a culture medium inside the dish. They shine a beam of light from above and capture the “shadows” of the cells that fall on the sensor. This lets them image large fields of view and a lot of cells all together. They improve their resolution beyond the size of the sensor pixels by taking multiple images with different angles of illumination shifting the “shadows”. The multiple frames with these shifted images are then used with digital superresolution algorithms to obtain high resolution images. Very nice use of cheap sensors. </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">The above three talks all have lower sampling during image capture and then use multiple images and superresolution techniques to overcome the low sampling resolution.</span> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thomas Kohlgraf-Owens, from CREOL, had a very interesting talk on<b> imaging spectrometry using a</b> <b>random scattering medium</b>. He uses the idea that the captured data can be thought of as Out(r) = M(r,w) x In(r,w) where M is the transfer matrix which maps the spread of spectra over detector pixels. Therefore, In = Minv x Out. You can think of a random material/scattering medium as M. One colour goes through, scatters randomly, and falls over different pixels at the detector with different ratios. A second colour scatters in a different manner and again is collected with different ratios at the same detector. Thus every pixel at the detector contains a sum of different spectra weighted with different proportions. The scattering medium acts as a spatially varying color filter. This kind of a device can be very small, as small as the scattering material. He used an imaging fiber bundle as scattering material.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><b> </b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>Spectrally Encoded Confocal Microscopy</b>: DongKyun Kang talked about endoscopy for esophageal disease diagnosis. Traditionally this requires a biopsy, histology and microscopy. The limited tissue samples in biopsy allow examination of less than 0.1% of the region under risk. Complete scanning of the esophagus (without scrapings) at micron resolution would be ideal. They have used optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) which is like a swept source OCT or a Michelson interferometer. They use a balloon centering catheter for esophageal imaging, with a helical scanning pattern to cover the entire esophagus. This technique allows visualizing the architectural features (shape presumably) but misses cellular features.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Confocal microscopy/optical biopsy can see cellular features. There exist some commercial products but apparently they have low fields of view. His team uses spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM). In this technique a fiber emits broadband light, which falls on a grating. This diffracts different wavelengths, which travel through the objective lens and different wavelength bands fall at different locations on the sample. Thus, spatial information gets encoded into different wavelengths. Basically this is a spectrometer on the sample side. On the detector side the light goes back through the same fiber and comes out of the body. Now this can be put through a spectrometer to analyze the spectrum and generate a line image. This technique increases scanning speed and enables large area imaging. He showed images of diseased esophagus and compared them to histology images. They also use an angled objective SECM probe where the focal plane is at an angle to the sample. This allows some depth sampling and adaptive focusing using the 1<sup>st</sup> reflection from the top of the sample. Was a great informative talk with good technology as well as interesting results from the application! </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Umm.. the amount of detail this post has gone into does not bode well for how much time I could spend summarizing.. oh well.. we'll see how it goes. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">Cheers and thanks for stopping by!</span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"> </span><br />
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</div></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-85963370762860491312011-10-20T22:38:00.001-07:002012-05-25T12:51:41.181-07:00FiO 2011 - part 4 Eday<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Hey everyone.. All is going great at FiO. Yesterday and today were full and busy days. But I do have some pics for you.<br />
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I went to Eday yesterday evening. This is an event the OSA organizes every year at FiO. They have volunteers, students and various chapter members from all over the world come in and give optics demos to teachers who wish their students to explore optics in their classrooms. This year's event was well attended.<br />
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They had lots of tables with various demos and a crowd of folks checking out the easy, inexpensive and interesting experiments these enthusiastic volunteers had come up with! I just took a couple of pics, here they are..<br />
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This is an undergrad student member, Denys Zaikin from Naples, Italy.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfrxbNauubHFAVQJQpQq7jS1dRiNpYOz2WOvPQksCA4gKDl5Ihy20UuLITkwP3yoXdQ0HNy2GQoXM2rF4Vs0MRicv9FRt5ycgdSNQolvKSI2yt5dalzPeK44ky0Zl4gE5fbQxHcaYo_Ro/s1600/Eday2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfrxbNauubHFAVQJQpQq7jS1dRiNpYOz2WOvPQksCA4gKDl5Ihy20UuLITkwP3yoXdQ0HNy2GQoXM2rF4Vs0MRicv9FRt5ycgdSNQolvKSI2yt5dalzPeK44ky0Zl4gE5fbQxHcaYo_Ro/s320/Eday2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQUR_T2zwKEfKb4ho8Q9c3f0kL8X7Xme6iyF23x8w1NzNEcYIOumdJ2ZguQHMSqVt-AXdxU1LRTGY6Fm_OvZuOY0F11f94XVJNW9OPDwyVb8Wdz1-aob52wf5XltJ-aCl4752Qhl6ogy8/s1600/Eday1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQUR_T2zwKEfKb4ho8Q9c3f0kL8X7Xme6iyF23x8w1NzNEcYIOumdJ2ZguQHMSqVt-AXdxU1LRTGY6Fm_OvZuOY0F11f94XVJNW9OPDwyVb8Wdz1-aob52wf5XltJ-aCl4752Qhl6ogy8/s320/Eday1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Denys had a demo for sustainability. He told us..<br />
<a name='more'></a>.. how we can demonstrate solar thermal power using simple tools. He had a beaker of water, some aluminum foil to direct more sunlight toward it, some black material to increase absorption, and a thermometer and demonstrated how much energy is absorbed by the the water from sunlight and how this energy could be utilized for sustainable living. Denys is from the OSA student chapter in Naples. Check out <a href="http://people.na.infn.it/%7Eosa/?page_id=20">their website</a>! <br />
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Here are some pics from the demos shown by Guangzhi, Marco, Stacie, Cynthia and Joe from the N-Cal OSA chapter.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIO5p9Y3LrghcSOXWgSZI5T_X-wbIeRJKcRvCDBf7GvyWBW14rDcCITuS156f_09akj7Tx0tTbJqwqbaME6quv7AzApcPBDVJ_HkvC8DKiMSEh9GsHqPutlI4dX8hR-Ho_Ps6BVgcFWbQ/s1600/Eday3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIO5p9Y3LrghcSOXWgSZI5T_X-wbIeRJKcRvCDBf7GvyWBW14rDcCITuS156f_09akj7Tx0tTbJqwqbaME6quv7AzApcPBDVJ_HkvC8DKiMSEh9GsHqPutlI4dX8hR-Ho_Ps6BVgcFWbQ/s320/Eday3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXux-JBRp58hREF8f30sJWZtp2sjIeWSkKbTpdcK4uUr6ufntMUIzdnFZxdNmuf4jcO3lz5T00E6JVOUE_7NrypectURTfjOjzX0LxJ1ZREV8YRPlPYlQ0o73d5UUTeU0qhTGIfZce1IA/s1600/Eday4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXux-JBRp58hREF8f30sJWZtp2sjIeWSkKbTpdcK4uUr6ufntMUIzdnFZxdNmuf4jcO3lz5T00E6JVOUE_7NrypectURTfjOjzX0LxJ1ZREV8YRPlPYlQ0o73d5UUTeU0qhTGIfZce1IA/s320/Eday4.jpg" width="180" /></a></div><br />
This was an experiment showing how free-space light communication can be established by modulating the light from a common laser pointer. A cheap photo-detector at the other end can detect the pulses of light and the signal can be demodulated with a simple circuit. They were sending a song from one end with this light communication link, receiving and playing it at the other end with a tiny speaker! <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi91kZI2Cfkqh8gefY99PTrAT-ulHUYGLoX-ebqEaLN6Y7j3jgscb9td-DZOaKc8Ff0GdD-dKTUAXWW0D5saqEbKpApOXkSP4SVw9Mt2dtKkeuGrv2lnUDCdnr8ugSEqnYJCUJCKarsMt8/s1600/Eday5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi91kZI2Cfkqh8gefY99PTrAT-ulHUYGLoX-ebqEaLN6Y7j3jgscb9td-DZOaKc8Ff0GdD-dKTUAXWW0D5saqEbKpApOXkSP4SVw9Mt2dtKkeuGrv2lnUDCdnr8ugSEqnYJCUJCKarsMt8/s320/Eday5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_W3WA_KKG6UDsBWW-4PdNyemZ0G8ayWRKLgynds4z-rhZ3WB66_CS-eWPoEwbrcvw8-X1vcLSC7jYlp30cdkgrjxp69VEabWT6c_qLXAMp53NP9BC3ZOENSBCOU5BqcYI108r0bSdc8E/s1600/Eday6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_W3WA_KKG6UDsBWW-4PdNyemZ0G8ayWRKLgynds4z-rhZ3WB66_CS-eWPoEwbrcvw8-X1vcLSC7jYlp30cdkgrjxp69VEabWT6c_qLXAMp53NP9BC3ZOENSBCOU5BqcYI108r0bSdc8E/s320/Eday6.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
This experiment told us how we can measure the width of a hair!!! They had a hair taped to a business card and a laser pointer shining light off it. The interaction of light with the hair creates a spot pattern at a screen a couple of feet away. You can measure the distance between the spots with a ruler and use the wavelength of red light from the pointer to calculate the width of the hair!<br />
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There were several other demos at this event, and they had a fabulous turnout of folks interested in them. But I was quite late arriving there and didn't get to nearly enough of the demos. <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwulYJO91arB1BzvIG6scj-TAZk7rHjwWeJQ0Kz2m-o7IS58ILytVtttRpoq-yQUWQ9W648SVuDSaMDQkA8DSMCzI_hmME7Ip2KamPHN4N9mSIqCJA30itS-FR3TYXEfKH96aGSpr4q34/s1600/Eday7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwulYJO91arB1BzvIG6scj-TAZk7rHjwWeJQ0Kz2m-o7IS58ILytVtttRpoq-yQUWQ9W648SVuDSaMDQkA8DSMCzI_hmME7Ip2KamPHN4N9mSIqCJA30itS-FR3TYXEfKH96aGSpr4q34/s320/Eday7.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Food got served just as I arrived and everybody was hungry! ;) Thanks to everyone for making this event so enjoyable!!<br />
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Cheers everyone and thanks for stopping by! </div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-48799833200561425952011-10-18T23:32:00.000-07:002011-10-22T15:59:34.698-07:00FiO 2011 - part 3<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Hey everyone..! Another busy day.. let me tell you about some interesting folks I met today. <br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVeWmv5NGoIMb5rTmz-HZl39rmMJ63sWF35OXFhRki1rD_9WLIADoTEdre0qiaEgtUGVH5-NThKRWPij0wwKzLVcMWV7At0A-KO_bmtGkqBKGyJmjtsCXu620XfyBW3rkOYtgWUwV4CHE/s1600/VIPmeetingpic1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVeWmv5NGoIMb5rTmz-HZl39rmMJ63sWF35OXFhRki1rD_9WLIADoTEdre0qiaEgtUGVH5-NThKRWPij0wwKzLVcMWV7At0A-KO_bmtGkqBKGyJmjtsCXu620XfyBW3rkOYtgWUwV4CHE/s320/VIPmeetingpic1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Animated discussions at the VIP meeting. Pic courtesy <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/opticalsociety/6262377204/">OSA</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div><div class="MsoNormal">In the morning I attended the VIP networking session. They had some very inspiring people from the optics industry – Karl Koch from Corning, Jean-Michel Pelaprat of Vytran, Michelle Holoubek, patent attorney at SKG, Richard Smart from Oclaro, Colin Seaton from Fianium and Ken Ibbs from LanTian Photonics. It was great to meet them in person and hear about their experiences and advice for working in the optics industry. Some of their advice included trying out places through internship programs so you can figure out what you want, making sure you fit in well with the work and culture of the team, and when you start working, try to learn the most you can from positions in your career. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTnPw7DZOuR8zjuzPyGxRNHf2OJCGXObKjMSP7b29RCP7L9BSjxPCazh908FVQjV5I3lDlubQZ2jTcfAd0GA13S1eMiVm7K__cslu2H1v-CSLenIRwKs8vYgg4I6FlGiCjNLbzAYX-MgM/s1600/MWOSApic2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTnPw7DZOuR8zjuzPyGxRNHf2OJCGXObKjMSP7b29RCP7L9BSjxPCazh908FVQjV5I3lDlubQZ2jTcfAd0GA13S1eMiVm7K__cslu2H1v-CSLenIRwKs8vYgg4I6FlGiCjNLbzAYX-MgM/s400/MWOSApic2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Laura, Donna, Jannick and Liz. Pic courtesy <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/opticalsociety/6262377204/">OSA</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div>In the afternoon I was at the Minorities and Women in OSA event where the panelists included very accomplished women in optics. <a href="http://physics.uwaterloo.ca/people/donna-strickland">Donna Strickland</a> is a Professor at the University of Waterloo and works in ultrafast short-pulse intense lasers and non-linear optics. <a href="http://www.optics.rochester.edu/people/faculty_students_staff/faculty/rolland.html">Jannick Rolland</a> is a Professor at the University of Rochester and does very interdisciplinary and applied work in the areas of head mounted displays, augmented reality, illumination and freeform optics. <a href="http://fluorologic.com/index_files/Page341.htm">Laura Weller-Brophy</a> has vast experience working in industry at 3M, Kodak, and Corning. She is presently the founder of a start-up in Rochester, <a href="http://fluorologic.com/">FluoroLogic</a> Inc., which is developing devices for screening cervical cancer using fluorescence detection. Fluorologic has won several awards for their technology and business plan in Rochester. <a href="http://www.osa.org/about_osa/leadership_and_volunteers/officers/chief_executive_officer.aspx">Elizabeth Rogan</a> is the CEO of the Optical Society and has strong management experience in the corporate, federal and non-profit sectors.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">It was great to hear these extraordinary ladies speak about working in academia, industry and management. They talked about the importance of support from family, mentors, colleagues and peers, gave advice for making choices in careers and a work-life balance. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">It was fantastic that the panel members in both events took the time and effort to reach out to us and gave us their best advice. Such interaction and support is amongst the greatest benefits of being in a professional society with a strong sense of community. </div></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-79665408883291922902011-10-17T23:26:00.000-07:002011-10-17T23:29:30.318-07:00FiO 2011 - part 2<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Hey everyone..<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubs5SQRmjfZb2Bhf2J3xOH48smAalveXBqKzwVmRQ7eAX1L-SGHo-98h-90QYtP0bG8yaHSzG1CGh454qXbndL1pv2Q1lAw7vI1JzqHie0lZnqqEKfMlSbRGjvtkJNJc16k5D9WS7U6c/s1600/View.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgubs5SQRmjfZb2Bhf2J3xOH48smAalveXBqKzwVmRQ7eAX1L-SGHo-98h-90QYtP0bG8yaHSzG1CGh454qXbndL1pv2Q1lAw7vI1JzqHie0lZnqqEKfMlSbRGjvtkJNJc16k5D9WS7U6c/s320/View.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Silicon Valley</td></tr>
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Today was a busy day. I missed much of the morning plenaries. Apparently the organizers are uploading a lot of these talks <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.org/ondemand">online</a> accessible to technical registrants. So I am hoping I can catch up with these things online later.<br />
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The afternoon had some exceptional sessions. Let me tell you about a few.<br />
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There was a session called "Phase". Sounded straightforward.. and as expected, all the works discussed in this session contained phase information in some way or other. Manuel Guizar-Sicairos from the Swiss Light Source in Switzerland talked about X-ray phase imaging. He discussed coherent diffractive imaging, ptychography, and 3D phase tomography. A coherent x-ray illuminated object is imaged in the far-field and algorithms such as used in phase retrieval approaches with suitable support, translation and Fourier constraints are used to recover object information. He showed some cool pictures of objects they have imaged such as bacteria in plant root nodules, nanostructure in bones and nanostructure in cement.. (Cement and bones in the same line sound odd, no?) <br />
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There were several other very interesting talks in the session. Adam Zysk from Illinois Instiitute of Technology talked about using task based assessment of phase contrast mammography. He had an interesting Bayesian decision maker that gives the best "discrimination" of calcification or other anomalies that may be identified by radiologists from mammograms.<br />
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Donald Duncan talked about extracting phase and amplitude from DIC images. Varun Raghunath showed some interesting work on non-linear imaging of phase and amplitude at the focal plane using heterodyne four wave mixing microscopy. Chien-Hung Lu from Princeton talked about using phase retrieval methods modified to adapt to non-linear media.<br />
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Later I attended the Compressed Sensing session I discussed in my <a href="http://imaginglightly.blogspot.com/2011/09/compressed-sensing-and-other-stuff.html">earlier post</a>. This session was good fun with a packed room full of enthusiastic and interactive audience. Rebecca Willet (Duke), Kenneth MacCabe (Duke), Lei Tian (MIT) and Sehoon Lim (Duke) gave interesting presentations on their work. <br />
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That's all for today! Cheerio and thanks for reading!</div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-14417534332584850392011-10-16T09:44:00.000-07:002011-10-16T09:44:14.390-07:00FiO 2011 - part 1<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Hey everyone.. it's Sunday and the FiO crowd is starting to trickle into CA. I plan to meet some friends today, catch up and hang out a bit. Might attend a couple of sessions... if possible.. <br />
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If you are visiting the Bay area for the first time.. there's plenty for tourism..<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtdmXgUCHjd23Ak0ck8IIKcd_WQDBMXEy79CdLNPw96sRGeBjwwPoIkO3TyJWJP6aix15Kp24-E5SWo7z4xzC39Cmzw9HwrSpWea5OJm5s4ldBuT8cnK1zZ8eKlT5LCDkwQba1Pk8DGxk/s1600/SF_goldengate1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtdmXgUCHjd23Ak0ck8IIKcd_WQDBMXEy79CdLNPw96sRGeBjwwPoIkO3TyJWJP6aix15Kp24-E5SWo7z4xzC39Cmzw9HwrSpWea5OJm5s4ldBuT8cnK1zZ8eKlT5LCDkwQba1Pk8DGxk/s400/SF_goldengate1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
.. a stroll or hike through some of the woody trails.. maybe a picnic lunch..<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh02r9jvH4UN9RXtEbmcbncpIcsN9t84hgsQ__3JtHsvUyobITpE0g8ocbmeLkvAStgDvmS_A9isLlhgDwDH79A4FYO7VlUocyTURXRO1I6wjF7pFoy8lRQkDrOSWPVF8uOBvR-FHQEtBw/s1600/WunderlichPark.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh02r9jvH4UN9RXtEbmcbncpIcsN9t84hgsQ__3JtHsvUyobITpE0g8ocbmeLkvAStgDvmS_A9isLlhgDwDH79A4FYO7VlUocyTURXRO1I6wjF7pFoy8lRQkDrOSWPVF8uOBvR-FHQEtBw/s400/WunderlichPark.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
.. and good eats! <br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxSHMeLXYQT_iOMYkOFJmJkM2h_qTqPkQMtdatzUcPhRBWYjTM0cOculE1puVZxty_wPsIh1kLvrR9kimE9_Zm79BIOTrJBItogjXZD7mdXs3hcKu_WCYYiEK2aeNDpR2IdY6i0QOuQXY/s1600/GoodEats.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxSHMeLXYQT_iOMYkOFJmJkM2h_qTqPkQMtdatzUcPhRBWYjTM0cOculE1puVZxty_wPsIh1kLvrR9kimE9_Zm79BIOTrJBItogjXZD7mdXs3hcKu_WCYYiEK2aeNDpR2IdY6i0QOuQXY/s320/GoodEats.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Looks like OSA is also <a href="http://www.osa.org/About_Osa/Leadership_and_Volunteers/Family_and_Friends_Flyers/FiO-Combined-2011.pdf">organizing visits</a> to the Winchester Mystery House, Santana Row on Monday, 10/17 and to the Tech Museum on Tuesday, 10/18. Seems open for all OSA members, family and friends. <br />
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Look forward to a great week!!<br />
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</div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-19353288251281270332011-10-12T22:54:00.001-07:002012-05-25T12:53:54.389-07:00Astronomical Scintillations<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">My first trip from grad school had been to the <a href="http://www.ucsc.edu/">University of California at Santa Cruz</a> for the <a href="http://cfao.ucolick.org/aosummer.php">Adaptive Optics Summer School</a> held by the<a href="http://cfao.ucolick.org/"> Center for Adaptive Optics (CFAO)</a>. I was very excited and the visit did not disappoint. We had learnt lots of adaptive optics and met a lot of people doing great work in the area.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg/640px-Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg/640px-Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://mthamilton.ucolick.org/">Lick Observatory</a> on Mount Hamilton. Picture from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Observatory">Wikipedia</a> </td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal">And the best part of the trip had to be the trip they organized to the <a href="http://mthamilton.ucolick.org/">Lick Observatory</a> at Mount Hamilton. The winding roads and breathtaking views led to domes that housed the most amazing optics and astronomy. Elinor Gates, a scientist at the observatory, was the most knowledgeable host we could have hoped for! She showed us around their adaptive optics setup, their telescopes, and narrated some very engaging ghost stories whilst setting up a smaller telescope on the night sky! It was an absolutely starry and spectacular night!</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">So some weeks ago, when the N-Cal OSA committee here asked for local speakers, I immediately thought of Elinor! Would be good to catch up with her and see what’s new at the Lick Observatory! Elinor kindly agreed to give us a talk on “Untwinkling the Stars.”</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH2R4DLzF9mn75Onm4l8Uuj0ybiLwX_rB8WNlpZAhaIAhf1bYVHYCZB5ja8w9ZKoLYlapqK3qgo4vTiAnPPQ8e4aG7gUztCB-XKW46ApWRSne5bNZkjXdvb-fCLRStgXkLuxVODAb7Y5M/s1600/ElinorGatesNcalOSA1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH2R4DLzF9mn75Onm4l8Uuj0ybiLwX_rB8WNlpZAhaIAhf1bYVHYCZB5ja8w9ZKoLYlapqK3qgo4vTiAnPPQ8e4aG7gUztCB-XKW46ApWRSne5bNZkjXdvb-fCLRStgXkLuxVODAb7Y5M/s320/ElinorGatesNcalOSA1.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Elinor Gates chatting with folks after the talk</td></tr>
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</div><div class="MsoNormal">The Lick Observatory is an astronomical observatory on the summit of Mount Hamilton, east of San Jose, founded in 1888 by the bequest of James Lick. They have several telescopes like the 3m Shane Reflector which has adaptive optics on it, the 1m Nickel Reflector and a couple of smaller telescopes and accessory equipment.<br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal">Heat, wind and such turbulence in the Earth’s atmosphere, which cause scintillation or twinkling of stars, also create distortions and aberrations when these stars and planets are imaged by ground based telescopes. It is too expensive to put all our telescopes in space (like the <a href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/main/index.html">Hubble Space Telescope</a>) where they will experience no aberrations from atmospheric turbulence. So Lick Observatory has incorporated an adaptive optics system into some of their telescopes. Adaptive Optics can be used to detect these aberrations with a wavefront sensor and correct them using a deformable mirror.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">You can use a natural star in the field of view of your object of interest as a reference “point source”, and use the deformation of that star as an indicator of the aberrations. But it’s often hard to find a nice guide star naturally in the field of view for every interesting object in the sky. So at Lick Observatory they have a laser guide star. They shine a laser beam up into the night sky. A layer of sodium ions at about 60 miles in the mesosphere absorbs and emits light, which can be seen by the telescope like a reference point source in the sky. They can then use the deformation of this laser guide star for wavefront sensing and correction. Elinor told us stories of how they station people outside to watch-out for the safety of airplanes and pilots when they turn their laser guide star on for wavefront sensing.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">At Lick Observatory they have been using their telescopes with adaptive optics and both natural and laser guide stars for many years now. The technology is also used on select other telescopes in the world. Elinor and many other astronomers use the telescopes for finding and observing many important astronomical bodies. She showed us some cool images of Asteriods, Moons, Galaxies, Black Holes, Quasars, Stars whose names sound like math-formulae… wow! It’s great to see what can be achieved using cutting-edge technology, visionary scientific goals and well invested bequests!</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Elinor’s talk was very well received. It is always good to see the stellar work being done by women in optics. It's even better to see the work being appreciated by the optics community. If you are working in Optics and will be in the Bay area on Tuesday 10/18, OSA is hosting a <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/Home/Student-Information/MWOSA-Tea.aspx">Minorities and Women in OSA event</a> at 4-5.30pm at the Sainte Claire Hotel in San Jose. They will have some highly accomplished ladies working in optics - Jannick Rolland from the University of Rochester, Donna Strickland from the University of Waterloo, Laura Weller-Brophy of FluoroLogic, Inc., and Elizabeth Rogan who is the CEO of the Optical Society. It promises to be an interesting event and everybody is invited! You are welcome to <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/Home/Student-Information/MWOSA-Tea/MWOSA-Tea.aspx">register at this link (no charge)</a>. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Our sincere thanks to Elinor for making the long and winding drive from Mount Hamilton to meet us for the N-Cal OSA meeting. Folks, if you are in town, you might want to think of <a href="http://www.ucolick.org/public/visitors.html">visiting the Lick Observatory</a> which is open to public during the day! </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal">Thanks for stopping by! Cheerio!</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-34177846768612235382011-10-03T19:00:00.000-07:002011-10-05T21:57:26.138-07:00Holography<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-size: small;">Holography has been a technology that has fascinated people for many years. It has featured in movies, books, comics, cartoons.. it’s like a technology that’s just got to be!</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfvV2YqMYYArB4_3GEb92p3msGsLE7wIfqzrk7pAJnrkenu3TjInq3DEDTJDfNzxmO1fJrZLENvn6N-kqMCEW1n0McU5-LrULnYUp95GIe7M_urxEhBL63MlZbTI9Eh2W51NFP3kODnKY/s1600/StarWars+Hologram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfvV2YqMYYArB4_3GEb92p3msGsLE7wIfqzrk7pAJnrkenu3TjInq3DEDTJDfNzxmO1fJrZLENvn6N-kqMCEW1n0McU5-LrULnYUp95GIe7M_urxEhBL63MlZbTI9Eh2W51NFP3kODnKY/s400/StarWars+Hologram.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bad hair day..</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">A hologram is a recording of the interference between light reflected from an object and a pristine reference beam. If later you illuminate the recording with a beam similar to the reference beam, it re-interferes and re-creates the appearance of the original object. The benefit of a hologram compared to a 2D picture is that you can look at the object from different angles and the object retains depth information.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Holograph-record.svg/500px-Holograph-record.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="231" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Holograph-record.svg/500px-Holograph-record.svg.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Recording a Hologram. Figure from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holography">Wikipedia</a>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Film or photographic emulsions are common media for recording simple holograms. Lately much progress has been made in Digital Holography where the film is replaced by a sensor like a CCD. This allows us to reconstruct the hologram entirely digitally, without illuminating it with an actual beam of light.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Computer Generated Holography is when you digitally create a hologram of an object; there’s no reference beam illumination, no actual interference of light. That makes it possible to create holograms of completely unreal objects.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">The most basic holography (shown in the figure above) is done with coherent laser light. But it is also possible to do holography with white, incoherent light. For instance, techniques like Scanning Incoherent Holography and FINCH (Fresnel incoherent digital holography) give incoherent light holograms. It is also possible to capture multiple images of the object from different angles using a normal digital camera, no reference beam, no interference and then digitally generate a hologram from a combination of those views.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">There seem to be several good sessions on holography at Frontiers in Optics this year on Tuesday and Wednesday morning - FTuF, FWJ. They have some of the best speakers giving <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/Home/Conference-Program/FiO-Invited-Speakers.aspx#FiO1">invited talks</a> on this topic. There is also quite a bit of recent research in holographic microscopy, computer generated holography, synthetic aperture digital holography that I can see in the sessions. Surely worth a dekko!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">Cheers and thanks for stopping by! </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-21882151516406152552011-09-24T13:55:00.001-07:002012-05-25T12:54:25.348-07:00Measuring the eye<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="font-family: inherit;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Our eyes are like windows, I’ve been told. We use them to look out at the world, and doctors use them to look into our body; a non-invasive health check. But our window is not really top-quality, which blurs the seeing in both directions. </span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"></span></span> Glasses and contact lenses have long been used to better see the world. They correct low order errors, like defocus and astigmatism, and give improved vision.</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1l4vIoA3Mh-PBMkOZ20IdsuielyW8yqQ-kYaQMc4MaFYj7iPCQgYxh3ZHdoed1wC3f2OIaH5tNXIKfMkdMecCF0JYbHpPJ0MgBub6BC2qBboxpqUp_2fksHVVIsuMl2PArOn2X4vT6tk/s1600/SupermanLuna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1l4vIoA3Mh-PBMkOZ20IdsuielyW8yqQ-kYaQMc4MaFYj7iPCQgYxh3ZHdoed1wC3f2OIaH5tNXIKfMkdMecCF0JYbHpPJ0MgBub6BC2qBboxpqUp_2fksHVVIsuMl2PArOn2X4vT6tk/s320/SupermanLuna.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Of course, some glasses just serve as inexpensive <a href="http://www.dccomics.com/sites/superman/">identity props</a>, </span></span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"> more funky ones let you see <a href="http://harrypotter.wikia.com/wiki/Spectrespecs">wrackspurts</a>.</span></div></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">For doctors to look into our eyes, we turn to imaging systems that compensate these aberrations and image the retina, blood vessels and other features in the eye. The efficiency of correction both ways depends much on how accurately the aberrations are measured. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">In 1961 Mikhail Smirnov developed a subjective technique to measure the aberrations of the eye. The individual would look at two incoming beams of light, use the on-axis beam as reference and change the position/angle of the off-axis beam to try and fuse the two beams at the retina. This gave the slope of the wavefront and allowed step-by-step measurement of the eye’s aberrations.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Double pass methods, that image a spot projected through the eye on the retina and reflected back, can be used to get the MTF of the optics. Combined with multiple images and phase retrieval type computation they can also give the aberrations (phase). Interferometry, where coherent laser fringes are projected on the retina, along with contrast sensitivity can also be used to get an estimate of the MTF. In the Tscherning aberrometer, a perfect grid casts a shadow on the retina which is imaged back by a fundus camera. The distortion of the perfect grid gives the wavefront. Corneal topography lets you specifically measure the power, shape and thickness of the cornea.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">My favorite is the Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor, where, a point source projected at the retina is imaged by a lenslet array onto the sensor. The lenslet array produces multiple little images of the spot. For perfect optics, the spot in every sub-image is dead center. For imperfect optics, the displacement of the spots from the center of each lenslet is indicative of the slope of the wavefront. This technique gives a fairly accurate measure of aberrations of the eye.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3X7B8brAgmZxUP5yjdbihFCTD4MuCshPTf-bfVeS8h3XaXYqBDIUSo20baCHqEg9KHJ_uAGi2df450moSEYKYwSrKyPiGuqRXrcaazF0-7dyOaot3q681fkF2EtTApgChp4n30jtEbcY/s1600/Shack_hartmann2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3X7B8brAgmZxUP5yjdbihFCTD4MuCshPTf-bfVeS8h3XaXYqBDIUSo20baCHqEg9KHJ_uAGi2df450moSEYKYwSrKyPiGuqRXrcaazF0-7dyOaot3q681fkF2EtTApgChp4n30jtEbcY/s400/Shack_hartmann2.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Shack Hartmann Wavefront Sensor for the eye. (Image from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shack%E2%80%93Hartmann_wavefront_sensor">Wikipedia)</a></td></tr>
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</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">All these and more technologies have been developed to “just” measure the optics of our eye. Once the measurement is done, correcting our optics for improved visual perception is a whole field in itself. Glasses and contacts have come a long way. We have customized contacts, intra-occular lenses with custom correction, customized refractive surgery, the options are many. How much this correction benefits visual performance is also a huge field of research. After all, there's no point in more correction if it's overkill.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Imaging the eye has also required much innovation. The error sensed in the wavefront from the eye must be corrected and compensated accurately enough to improve the quality of a retinal image. Dynamic lenses and phase plates, as well as more expensive liquid crystal spatial light modulators and MEMS deformable mirrors can be used to correct the wavefront and give almost perfect image resolution. The progress in imaging the eye has made it possible to see features at even cellular level, making it possible to detect and diagnose diseases at very early stages.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Some of my background is in retinal imaging and adaptive optics, and there seem to be a whole bunch of talks at FiO this year discussing these topics. They have a <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/Mobile/home/Conference-Program/Special-Symposia.aspx#50Years">symposium</a> on Wednesday 10/19 celebrating 50 years of measuring the eye’s aberrations. This is followed by sessions on models of eye disease (FWO) and optical design of animal eyes (FWV). Now shouldn’t spark off some cool imaging system design ideas..!</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Thanks for stopping by, folks! See you around! </span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></span></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-90036117284778980032011-09-19T16:13:00.000-07:002011-09-24T18:26:57.069-07:00Compressed Sensing and other stuff<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="font-family: inherit;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Hey everyone..</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">I have <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/Home/Registration.aspx">registered for FiO 2011</a>, and have started looking into the schedule. There are many events this year and I don’t want to put off looking at the schedule till the last moment and miss out on the more interesting ones. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">The first day, Sunday 10/16, 4-6pm, seems to have a very good <a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/Home/Special-Events.aspx#WhatsHot"><i>What’s Hot in Optics</i></a> session that should be interesting. Usually a start-off session like this provides a very good overview of things to come, so I will surely be there.<span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Sunday evening (7.30-8.30pm) has meetings for<a href="http://www.frontiersinoptics.com/Home/Special-Events/Division-and-Technical-Group-Meetings.aspx#ODID"> OSA technical groups</a>. </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">I had signed up for a couple for groups and got emails from them inviting anyone interested to join the meetings. There should be discussions for areas like Optical Design and Instrumentation, Holography, Information Acquisition, Biomedical Optics, etc. Meetings like these help people get involved with OSA in these technical areas. </span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">Monday has a great session on Compressed Sensing (FMM, from 4-6pm). <a href="http://nislab.ee.duke.edu/NISLab/Welcome.html">Rebecca Willet from Duke</a> is going to have a 45 minute tutorial style talk on compressed sensing for optical imaging; she mentions IR and focal plane arrays in her abstract. There is much work being done to minimize the data being sensed as well as transmitted. Her group works on compressed sensing, exploiting sparsity in the nature of data to obtain compression. She has worked on compression in the presence of Poisson noise, coded aperture imaging, multi-aperture imaging for thin imagers, and more. So the tutorial talk should be a good overview.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">There are also talks from <a href="http://3doptics.mit.edu/website/research/compressive-imaging/">George Barbastathis' group at MIT</a>, and some from<a href="http://www.disp.duke.edu/"> David Brady’s group</a> in this session that should be interesting. There is one by K. MacCabe that takes advantage of aliasing high spatial frequencies, folding them into the lower spatial frequency region which is more resistant to loss during defocus. In my opinion, turning around aliasing to your advantage is always brilliant! This session certainly promises to be very interesting.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">Oh.. </span>I just found an old video of Rebecca Willet giving a talk at some CS workshop at Duke; summarizes compressed sensing to some extent. <a href="http://people.ee.duke.edu/%7Elcarin/willet.pdf">Here</a> are the slides for her talk, do check out the slides because the video below does not display them. Also, audio-video here are a bit out of sync, but with the slides it's a pretty good talk. Her talk at FiO will probably have more recent stuff, but this should give you a flavour of what to expect at the CS session. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/J1P7-zVNibQ?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1P7-zVNibQ </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/u5l-adNkRAA?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5l-adNkRAA&feature=related</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span><br />
<div style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Ooh, just spotted this, <a href="http://www.ece.rice.edu/%7Ekkelly/">Kevin Kelly from Rice</a> seems to have a 30 minute talk </span>(LTuC3)<span style="font-size: small;"> Tuesday morning, on their work on <a href="http://dsp.rice.edu/cscamera">single pixel compressive imaging</a> where they use a fast DMD to time multiplex and compress the object information and then capture only the minimum required on a single pixel!</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">That's it for now. I'll post more about other sessions and events over the next few weeks. Cheers and thanks for reading! </span></div></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-37027525696575938832011-09-05T21:56:00.000-07:002011-09-07T09:52:55.636-07:00Fun weekend, cool jellies!<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Hey everyone! <br />
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The weekend was good. We did some fun things. Drove to Monterey, CA, and got stuck in lots of traffic <i>en route</i>. But the scenery around us was so beautiful, we loved the drive!! We were surrounded by some of the most fragrant tall Eucalyptus trees. Then slowly drifting past artichoke farms, we could see the artichoke-heads up close near the highway. Around Gilroy, we could smell Garlic! <br />
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At the <a href="http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/">Monterey Bay Aquarium</a>, we saw the coolest jellies. These are called <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ctenophora">Comb Jellies</a>. They propel themselves through the water using their hairy cilia. And light diffracts off their hairy-cilia-comb making an amazing rainbow! Check out this video from that exhibit (uploaded by someone with a fairly steady hand). And you can read more about Comb Jellies <a href="http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?enc=LeWQvjcLBGS+vsO6xgIjKA==">here</a>.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://3.gvt0.com/vi/Lw5Q_w7ubxs/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/Lw5Q_w7ubxs&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/Lw5Q_w7ubxs&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"></embed></object></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lw5Q_w7ubxs&feature=related</span></div><br />
I don't think the one below was at the Aquarium when we went, but I spotted the next video browsing through the aquarium website - the <a href="http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/AnimalDetails.aspx?enc=Z5SIVkZ+n+UqyCBGk8aVMQ==">Bloodybelly Comb Jelly</a>.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/LbcnRVkzy8A?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;">Ref: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LbcnRVkzy8A</span></div><br />
Nature is astonishing!<br />
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Cheerio and thanks for stopping by!</div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3523308545874708130.post-26034377258510263442011-08-12T20:02:00.000-07:002011-09-22T11:02:27.838-07:00Ideas, start-ups and Milton Chang<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div style="font-family: inherit;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;">Hey everyone..<br />
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It’s been busy past couple of days, resulted in fewer posts. I’ve been working on a project at RII, trying to make an idea work. Some of it was in my area of expertise. Some was new to me. And some of it was completely unknown (this is research after all). After some crazy tinkering, finally it seems to work!! :) </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
In the Silicon Valley everybody has good ideas. Everybody is ambitious. It’s very common for casual conversation to get around how we should take this or that idea and start a new business. Surely, people would pay good money for XYZ.. Start-ups here are many. And so are folks working in them. Life in a startup seems to be hard, but very rewarding if you thrive on learning and every day being new. <br />
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Milton Chang is a well-known name in the optics community. He was the President/CEO of <a href="http://search.newport.com/?i/1/q1/Products/q2/Newport+Products+%26+Systems/x1/pageType/x2/product_brand/nav/1/view/brand">Newport</a> and <a href="http://search.newport.com/?i/1/q1/Products/q2/New+Focus+Products/x1/pageType/x2/product_brand/nav/1/view/brand">New Focus</a>, later an angel investor and is now at <a href="http://www.incubic.com/">Incubic</a>, his venture capital firm. Milton’s story of building Newport and New Focus, bringing them to IPO and making them “household” names is recounted to every rookie in our world.<br />
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Naturally, I was very excited to hear that Milton Chang is going to meet us for dinner and give a talk at our local <a href="http://osa.braveline.com/ncal/Index.asp">N-Cal OSA</a> meeting. What would he be like?</div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;"></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVdu9fBVPDFgum7mh_0oyzcNRG7hQZf5u5VtfaeEzLV6FuMUOv-iSPGiQRcPjybFVWgUh_MacuaDAQvr92V8HQOKC56hoYfJDF432HaKVY0isvb7GPpZW3-13DS4SngygK5DbUZW0dqvc/s1600/MiltonChang_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="287" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVdu9fBVPDFgum7mh_0oyzcNRG7hQZf5u5VtfaeEzLV6FuMUOv-iSPGiQRcPjybFVWgUh_MacuaDAQvr92V8HQOKC56hoYfJDF432HaKVY0isvb7GPpZW3-13DS4SngygK5DbUZW0dqvc/s400/MiltonChang_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Milton Chang (coffee-ing) just before the talk</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: inherit;">The first thing that struck me, he’s incredibly down-to-earth and nice. He went around the table, talked to absolutely everyone at dinner. He also hung out at the talk, giving advice and suggestions, sharing some of the lessons learnt from his experience in startup and venture capital.<br />
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Milton's simplest advice was – don’t rush. Do your best, put all of yourself in your idea.. but don’t rush into getting outside funding. He said that startups don’t have to be so risky. Yes, there is always a risk. But the risk can be mitigated if we put in enough effort up front. Make sure the idea is solid. Know what will be involved in developing the idea. Have a clear plan. And in order to develop a strong plan, spend time at the outset to clarify the unknowns in your idea.<br />
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Another important thing he cautioned was that the business plan should not be taken lightly. A strong technical idea could fail miserably if the market and business aspects are overlooked. An early team shouldn't have only technical strength but also a strong business component. Whether this comes in the form of a fulltime business person on the team, a part-time consultant, or you doing it all yourself, it needs to be done, and done well.<br />
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It was very good to get this balanced perspective about startups in optics and photonics, with his positive experiences as well as cautionary advice. Certainly got everybody’s entrepreneurial wheels churning<br />
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Note: If you got to this post looking for entrepreneurship guidance, a good reference would be Milton Chang’s book that has just come out – <a href="http://miltonchang.com/">Toward establishing a successful technology business entrepreneurship</a>. We just got a copy!<br />
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Cheerio and thanks for stopping by!<br />
<br />
<b>Update 09/22/2011</b>: Just spotted the following notice on <a href="http://www.osa-foundation.org/bookoffer">OSA's website</a>.<br />
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"Milton Chang has partnered with the OSA Foundation to offer his new release, <b><i>Toward Entrepreneurship: Establishing a Successful Technology Business </i></b>to the OSA community with sales proceeds benefiting the OSA Foundation. <br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">All sales proceeds from the book will be donated to the OSA Foundation, and will be matched 100% by OSA through its contribution to the OSA Foundation General Fund.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: left;">Through this special offer you can purchase <i><b>Toward Entrepreneurship</b></i> for $20 (USD) minimum donation, or more if you like, for a limited time. The retail list price for the book is $35. <b>There is no additional charge for shipping."</b> </div></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"> </span></div>Sapnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07505959512598086415noreply@blogger.com2